Abstract. This study was designed to examine the effect of listening to the Quran recitations based on different melodies on the psychophysiological measurements of emotion. The skin conductance and heart rate were measured as the physiological response; meanwhile, the mood and emotion scale were analysed as participant's psychological assessment.The experiment was conducted with 22 Indonesian postgraduate students studying from various programs who are Muslims. An individual experiment was carried out in the listening laboratory of the Music Department, The University of York. Four different recitations were delivered. Shimmer GSR unit was used to measure the skin conductance and heart rate. Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Geneva Emotional Music Scale (GEMS), and some demographic questionnaire were also used.Findings show that three kinds of recitations had no significant impact on the skin conductance (recitation without melody, Hicazmaqam, and KurdiMaqam); however, the third recital (Rastmaqam) had a significant effect on the skin conductance (p< 0.05). There was no significant effect of all recitations on heart rate. The mood response mean, both before and after listening to all stimuli, also demonstrated no significant difference. However, there were significant differences on emotional assessment both before and after listening to each stimulus, and a significant difference on some emotion categories of the effect of listening to Quran recitations based on the different melody. The recitation without melody influenced a lower level of wonder, transcendence, power, tenderness, nostalgia, and peacefulness emotion categories, though it increased tension. The Hicazmaqam (second stimulus) had a significant effect on the transcendence emotion, but still affect a higher tension level. The Rastmaqam (third stimulus) influenced the peacefulness emotion significantly, and impact a lower level of tension. The Kurdimaqam (fourth stimulus) had no significant difference on the effect on all nine categories of emotion. The Rast maqam showed the most powerful outcome in this study. We recommend Rast maqam can be applied on Quran recitation therapy for tension treatments.

This systematic review aims to determine the effectiveness of corticosteroids in treating anosmia in COVID 19 patients. This study used a systematic review approach in gathering data, from scouring through web-based journals into sifting through unrelated studies. The sifting process are levelled with varying degrees of specificity, from the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) which were Post COVID-19 patients with anosmia, corticosteroid therapy, placebo treatment, and an outcome in clinical recovery. The papers that fit the PICO criteria then were sifter through inclusion and exclusion criterias such as : it has to be a Randomised Clinical Trial (RCT), there are uses of corticosteroid, and the subjects were post covid patients. There were first searched with keywords of anosmia, COVID-19, corticosteroid through Pubmed (n=5) Google Scholar (n=200), SCOPUS (n=175), EBSCO (n=121), ScienceDirect (n=186). After gathering those papers, it was then judged based on their abstract for inclusion criterias and exclusion criterias. The final studies that were in this systematic review consists of three studies. The end results showed that there were no effectivity of corticosteroids in treating anosmia in post covid patients.

Background:  Children with mild mental retardation tend to have late language skills so that it affects aspects of speech and independence and can persist into adulthood. Knowing the risk factor of mental retardation is important because disability in children can be prevented by knowing the cause. Objective: This study aims to analyze risk factors for students with mild mental retardation in special schools in Surabaya in the academic year 2019-2020. Methods: This study was an observational analytic study with a case-control approach that took primary data in the form of a questionnaire on parents. Then the data is analyzed through univariate to display the characteristics of respondents and descriptive research variables and bivariate analysis with a chi-square test to determine the effect of risk factors on mental retardation. Results: In this study, there was a total of 100 samples after being excluded from 192 samples. Factors obtained by the length of neonatal stay in the hospital (p=0.010, OR=0.318, 95%CI=0.131-0.775), baby cries immediately at birth (p=0,000, OR=0.052, 95%CI=0,007-0,417), antenatal care (p=0.014, OR=0.107, 95%,CI=0.013-0.889), LBW (p=0.002, OR=0.820, 95%CI=0,72000,934), prematurity (p=0,007, OR=0,148, 95%CI=0,031-0,706), family income (p=0,000, OR=0.077, 95%CI=0.028-0.207), father's education (p=0.001, OR=5.310, 95%CI =1,913 14,745) affect mild mental retardation. Conclusion: Factors that influence mild mental retardation consist of perinatal factors (baby crying at birth) and environmental factors (family income and father's education).