This study is an attempt to interrogate the effects of deceptive advertising on consumer loyalty in telecommunication industry of Pakistan. Four variables, Call Charges (CC), Network Coverage (NC), Network Quality (NQ) and Customer Service (CS) were used to measure deception in Telecom Ads and then its effect on consumer loyalty while the consumer preference is used as the proxy of consumer loyalty. 10,000 random individuals from telecom industry were selected to conclude the results. Testing specification confirmed that the deception overwhelmingly exists in telecom ads and none of the telecom companies were providing exactly the same quality of service in terms of Call Charges, Network Coverage, Network Quality and Customer Service, as they promise in their advertisements, while, the consumers are inclined towards the services where the deceptions are seemingly meager.

This research provided the study of importance of factors affecting the decision making of out-sourcing & supplier performance in Textiles domain. The textile market of USA is the scope of this research. The basis of this study allowed comprehending the importance / weight of fac tors of out-sourcing (including Delivery, Flexibility, Cost, Quality & Reliability) varied according to the buyers needs. Buyer's needs some factors were high weight / importance for one buyer and at the same time the same factors were low weight / for another buyer. It delineated the root to supply chain managers and experts for textiles industry for taking the right strategic decision for out-sourcing in today's competitive market .

We describe a girl infant with anomalies of the left pelvis and lower limb (pelvic, femoral, and tibial hypogenesis with absent fibula), subtle facial changes, patent foraman ovale, single umbilical artery, single kidney, and imperforate anus. The external genitalia were asymmetric and ambiguous with normal uterus and ovaries visualized by ultrasound. The anomalies are compatible with previously reported cases of Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild/Schinzel (AARRS) phocomelia, an autosomal recessive disorder with WNT7 gene mutations documented in one family. We suggest that AARRS phocomelia, Fuhrmann syndrome, and similar conditions comprise a spectrum, and that the anomaly pattern derives from serial action of the same signal pathways within primary (e.g., the major axes), secondary (e.g., heart or limb primordia), and/or local (e.g., tibial-fibular differentiation) developmental fields.

Educational institutions in the developing countries have always viewed student on-campus engagement as a burden on resources and cost factor. However studies at various primary and secondary level shows better performance and retention of students with on-campus engagement activities. This research focuses on a muchignored tertiary level of education where students have a much stronger role in creating word of mouth for or against the institution. This research used a sample 2500 tertiary level students of 50 tertiary level educational institutions to see the relationship between the student on-campus engagement measured through number of student societies and extra-curricular activities and student satisfaction and ownership of the institution. The findings of this paper reveals that the ordinary association between on-campus student societies and students' level of ownership for institution was found not significant in the absence of students' satisfaction level as a mediating variable while the stated associations was found handsomely significant and robust in the presence of students' satisfaction level towards societies. Furthermore the ordinary association between students' recreational activities and students' level of ownership for institution was found again insignificant in the absence of students' satisfaction level as a mediating variable while the stated associations was found augustly significant and robust when students' satisfaction level towards societies was taken as the mediating variable. This study helps the educational institutions to understand the psychological aspects of student's association with their educational institution. It outlines the importance of on-campus engagement that leads to students' satisfaction with their institution and development of positive word of mouth at all forums by the students.

BackgroundPsychological studies found that adopted children suffer from lack of attachment relationships in life. It is important for new parents to understand the underlying concepts before they begin to comprehend behavior issues arising out of different turbulent situations in an adopted child’s life. Attachment theory facilitates in comprehending the frame of mind of these children, when they come from emotionally turbulent backgrounds and how some, if not all behavior issues can be attempted to be resolved to recognize children better and to create a nurturing relationship between adopted child and new parents.FindingsFocus group method was deployed to collect the data via un-restricted non-probability sampling approach; data was quantified for evaluating the hypotheses via t-test of equality of means. Cross cultural findings suggested that parents-adopted children relationship in terms of secure attachment is revealed more in non-working parents, female parents, children of 11-14 years and female children across stated nations while, the ambivalent, avoidant and disorganized attachments are found more in practice if parents are working & male parents and if foster children are male at large & of 15-18 years.ConclusionIt is concluded that the task of creating an enriched attachment relationship with an adopted child depends more on parents, normally non working parents and female parents while quality time and care is given somehow the other to young and female kids by either of the parents for establishing quality attachment. Quality time being bestowed to kids translates the category and intensity of parents- children associations.