Vaccination is one of the alternatives that has been found to overcome the COVID-19 outbreak. The long-awaited discovery of its reality remains a debate among the public. Various issues continue to emerge, both health-based and religious-based. The refusal is wrapped by questions related to doubts about treatment with vaccination or the halalness of vaccine products. MUI as an institution that is trusted by the public in determining the results of its ijtihad, issues a fatwa number 2 of 2021 concerning vaccines. This paper will conduct related studies regarding the permissibility of using the COVID-19 vaccine from the perspective of fiqh and applicable laws in Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal research method with a rule of law approach and a doctrinal approach, In addition, the data obtained by library research. The results of this study explain that the vaccines used are of course required to use halal and holy vaccines. However, immunization with haram and/or unclean vaccines can be permitted under several conditions, namely when used in an emergency; halal and holy vaccine ingredients have not been found, and there is information from competent and trusted medical personnel that there is no halal vaccine.

Abstract.Children have an important role in the life of society and the state, because of their position as the nation's successor. Therefore, children have the potential to play an active role in preserving the life of the nation, in order to realize the goal of forming a government that protects citizens. The abuse of narcotics by children is currently a concern of many people and is constantly being discussed and published. In fact, the problem of narcotics abuse is of concern to various groups, moreover the involvement of children as narcotics couriers which is a series of evil consensus in carrying out illegal drug trafficking. In the capacity of children who are used as couriers is one thing that is so alarming that the child will face the law, and is classified as having committed narcotics crimes. With the limited ability of children and their imperfections, it needs to be a concern of law enforcement officials in the application of punishment for the child who is the perpetrator of the narcotics crime.Keywords: Legal Protection, Children, Narcotics Courier. Abstrak. Anak mempunyai peranan yang penting di dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat dan bernegara, karena kedudukannya sebagai  penerus bangsa. Oleh karena itu, anak mempunyai potensi untuk berperan aktif menjaga kelestarian kehidupan bangsa,  guna mewujudkan tujuan pembentukan suatu pemerintah yang melindungi warga negara. Penyalahgunaan narkotika oleh anak saat ini menjadi perhatian banyak orang dan terus menerus dibicarakan dan dipublikasikan. Bahkan, masalah penyalahgunaan narkotika menjadi perhatian berbagai kalangan, apalagi adanya keterlibatan anak sebagai kurir narkotika yang merupakan rangkaian permufakatan jahat dalam menjalankan peredaran narkotika secara illegal. Dalam kapasitas anak yang dijadikan kurir merupakan satu hal yang begitu memprihatinkan dimana anak tersebut akan berhadapan dengan hukum, dan tergolong telah melakukan tindak pidana narkotika. Dengan keterbatasan kemampuan anak dan ketidaksesempurnaannya, maka perlu menjadi perhatian aparat penegak hukum dalam penerapan pemidanaan bagi anak pelaku tindak pidana narkotika tersebut.Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum, Anak, Kurir Narkotika.

The increase in marriage dispensation applications that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic also caused the high number of child marriage. Nevertheless, this has been strictly required in Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning Amendments to Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage (Marital Law), the minimum age limit for men and women is 19 years, and requirements of irregularities for this age that must meet urgent criteria and sufficient support evidence. This is done, to reduce underage child marriages as a form of enforcing the principle of children's best interests. This paper describes the complexity of underage children's marriage during the Covid-19 pandemic period, as a convenience requirement of marriage dispensation has been set rigid in the Marriage act. The method used in this paper is normative by using several approaches: the statute approach, conceptual approach, and case approach. The results of the government's policy during the Covid-19 pandemic period which brought massive changes to the community's order had an impact on the collapse of the family economy. This resulted in the mass number of the child's marriages in the pandemic period. The research findings of this study deliver to children's rights violations through child marriages. The risk of decreasing individual economies, maternal and infant health, and household violence become unavoidable considering the psychological conditions of children who are immature in marriage.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penemuan hukum oleh hakim di Indonesia dengan kajian paradigma konstruktivisme. Ajaran legisme sangat kuat di Indonesia yang mempengaruhi para ahli-ahli hukum, akademisi, dan penegak hukum termasuk hakim. Pasca-Indonesia merdeka, terdapat ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang mewajibkan hakim untuk menggali nilai-nilai hukum dan keadilan yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Ontologi paradigma konstruktivisme adalah relativis, realisme memiliki konstruksi mental yang beragam di antaranya korban, pelaku, saksi, tokoh masyarakat, jaksa penuntut umum, dan termasuk hakim. Epistemologi paradigma konstruktivisme adalah transaksional dan subjektif. Peran hakim dan objek perkara terhubung secara interaktif sehingga hasil putusan dibuat saat proses persidangan berlangsung. Metodologi paradigma konstruktivisme adalah hermeneutis dan dialektik. Konstruksi mental hakim serta objek perkara ditafsirkan menggunakan teknik herme-neutikal/penafsiran untuk menghasilkan putusan berupa konsensus atau resultante. Dengan demikian para hakim harus menggunakan paradigma konstruktivisme untuk menciptakan putusan yang memenuhi rasa keadilan masyarakat. Rechtvinding by Judge Based on the Constructivism Peradigm  This study aims to describe the rechtsvinding by judges in Indonesia. Many people are influenced by the flow of legism, they are legal experts, academics and law enforcement including judges. However, there is an Act for judges must explore the values of law and justice in society. Then there are three questions in the constructivism paradigm; (1) the Ontology is a relativist, it means that realism has a variety of mental constructs including victims, perpetrators, witnesses, the public figure, prosecutors and judges. (2) The epistemology is transactional and subjectivist. It means that the role of the judge and the object of the case are interactively connected. (3) The methodology is hermeneutical and dialectical. The mental construction of the judge using interpretation to produce a decision in the form of consensus or resultant. Thus, the judge must use a constructivism paradigm to create decisions that justice of the community.

Court For Domestic violence. Court For Domestic violence is a new idea of the Integrated Criminal Justice System Handling Cases of Violence Against Women (SPPT- PKKTP) to provide justice to the victims of domestic violence, especially women. Given the complexity of issues related to domestic violence led to the need for this institution was formed. Act No. 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Violence Against Domestic generally can back up women in getting their legal rights, but the implementation of the Act turns instead of criminalizing women victims of violence, especially because law enforcement officials do not consider the relationship between husband, wife and children, in applying this Act. As a result, women victims of violence do not get their rights. Abstrak: Pengadilan Khusus KDRT. Pengadilan Khusus Kekerasaan Dalam Rumah Tangga merupakan sebuah gagasan baru dari Sistem Peradilan Pidana Terpadu Penanganan Kasus-Kasus Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan (SPPTPKKTP) dalam memberikan keadilan kepada para korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga khususnya perempuan. Adanya kompleksitas permasalahan terkait kekerasan dalam rumah tangga menyebabkan perlunya lembaga ini dibentuk. Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Terhadap Rumah Tangga yang secara umum dapat memback up kaum perempuan dalam mendapatkan hak-hak hukumnya, namun dalam implementasinya ternyata undang-undang tersebut justru mengkriminalisasi perempuan korban kekerasan, terutama karena aparat penegak hukum tidak mempertimbangkan hubungan antara suami, istri dan anak, dalam menerapkan undang-undang ini. Akibatnya, perempuan korban kekerasan tidak mendapatkan hak-haknya.  DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i2.1471