Aim: To study effectiveness of oral magnesium in improving in-hospital outcome in patients presenting with COPD exacerbation. Study Setting: It was conducted at Department of Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Duration of study: Six month following approval of synopsis Study design: Comparative Cross-Sectional Methods: Total 160 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected . All patients regardless of the group were given conventional management in the form of oxygen inhalation, anti-cholinergic and beta-2 agonist nebulization, intravenous steroids as well as steroid nebulization and intravenous antibiotics. In addition, Group-A was given magnesium in the form of 400 mg of magnesium oxide twice daily. Both groups were followed over their time of stay in the hospital to assess effect of oral magnesium. Data were entered and analyzed by SPSS v26.0. Means were compared by applying students t-test. Two groups were compared using Chi-square test. A p-value ≤0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: According to outcome distribution between groups, in group-A, 44(55%) patients were discharged, while 24(30%) needed assisted ventilation and 12(15%) expired. In group-B, 58(72.5%) patients were discharged, while 6(7.5%) needed assisted ventilation and 16(20%) expired with a p-value 0.178 ( for discharge), which is not statistically significant Conclusion: Oral magnesium does not effectively improve in-hospital outcome in those who presented with COPD exacerbation in comparison to those not receiving oral magnesium. Keywords: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Acute Exacerbation, Magnesium Sulphate.

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Aim: A comparison between chromocolonoscopy versus white light colonoscopy in screening colorectal cancer Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to high-definition white light colonoscopy (HDWLC) and high-definition chromocolonoscopy (HDCH). The patients were divided into two groups, each had 110 individuals Results: An adenoma affected 1.2 to 2.1 patients on average, while polyps affected 1.4 to 1.9 patients on average, with an adenoma affecting 0.5 to 1.0 patient on average. Both the number of patients with at least one adenoma (54.5% vs. 47.2%, absolute difference 7.3%, 95% confidence interval (p value <0.01) and the number of adenomas per patient (1.2 versus 1.0, P <0.01) were slightly higher in the chromocolonoscopy group. Adenomas that had progressed by 10 mm or more differed from those that had progressed by <10 mm (0.16 versus 0.14, P = 0.4), although the differences were not statistically significant. In each group, one invasive malignancy was discovered, and it wasn't a benign tumor or neoplasm. By chromocolonoscopy, non-neoplastic lesions (1.9 per patient versus 1.1 per patient, P = 0.01) were detected significantly more frequently than adenomas larger than 5 mm in diameter (0.9 per patient versus 0.8 per patient, P < 0.01) Conclusion: When compared to high-definition white light colonoscopy, high-definition chromocolonoscopy had a marginally greater rate of adenoma diagnosis and a moderate increase in flat adenomas and small lesions but not in large lesions. When it came to more advanced malignancies, both techniques produced the same results. Keywords: Colorectal cancer, chromocolonoscopy