The growing use of the internet has resulted in an exponential rise in the use of web applications. Businesses, industries, financial and educational institutions, and the general populace depend on web applications. This mammoth rise in their usage has also resulted in many security issues that make these web applications vulnerable, thereby affecting the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of associated information systems. It has, therefore, become necessary to find vulnerabilities in these information system resources to guarantee information security. A publicly available web application vulnerability scanner is a computer program that assesses web application security by employing automated penetration testing techniques that reduce the time, cost, and resources required for web application penetration testing and eliminates test engineers’ dependency on human knowledge. However, these security scanners possess various weaknesses of not scanning complete web applications and generating wrong test results. Moreover, intensive research has been carried out to quantitatively enumerate web application security scanners’ results to inspect their effectiveness and limitations. However, the findings show no well-defined method or criteria available for assessing their results. In this research, we have evaluated the performance of web application vulnerability scanners by testing intentionally defined vulnerable applications and the level of their respective precision and accuracy. This was achieved by classifying the analyzed tools using the most common parameters. The evaluation is based on an extracted list of vulnerabilities from OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project).

Internet of things is widely used in the current era to collect data from sensors and perform specific tasks through processing according to the requirements. The data collected can be sent to a blockchain network to create secure and tamper-resistant records of transactions. The combination of blockchain with IoT has huge potential as it can provide decentralized computation, storage, and exchange for IoT data. However, IoT applications require a low-latency consensus mechanism due to its constraints. In this paper, CBCIoT, a consensus algorithm for blockchain-based IoT applications, is proposed. The primary purpose of this algorithm is to improve scalability in terms of validation and verification rate. The algorithm is developed to be compatible with IoT devices where a slight delay is acceptable. The simulation results show the proposed algorithm’s efficiency in terms of block generation time and transactions per second.

107 Background: TAPUR is a phase II basket study evaluating the anti-tumor activity of commercially available targeted agents in pts with advanced cancers with genomic alterations. Results in a cohort of CRC pts with hTMB treated with N+I are reported. Methods: Eligible pts had advanced CRC, no available standard treatment options, measurable disease, ECOG performance status (PS) 0-2, adequate organ function and no prior immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment. PDL-1 expression testing was not required. Genomic testing was performed in CLIA-certified, CAP-accredited site selected labs. hTMB was defined a priori as ≥9 mutations/megabase (Muts/Mb) reported by a FoundationOne test (n=7) or other tests (n=5) if approved by the Molecular Tumor Board. Pts received N 1 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks (wks) for 4 doses in combination with I 3 mg/kg every 3 wks for 4 doses. N was then continued at 240 mg every 2 wks or 480 mg every 4 wks until disease progression. Primary endpoint was disease control (DC), defined as complete (CR) or partial (PR) response, or stable disease at 16+ wks (SD 16+). Simon 2-stage design tested the null DC rate of 15% vs. 35% (power = 0.85; α = 0.10). If ≥2 of 10 pts in stage 1 has DC, 18 more pts are enrolled; otherwise, the study stops for futility. If ≥7 of 28 pts has DC, the null DC rate is rejected. Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. Results: 12 pts (9 male) with CRC with hTMB in tissue biopsy were enrolled from February 2018 to May 2020; 2 pts were not evaluable and excluded from efficacy analyses. All pts were evaluated for toxicity. TMB ranged from 9 to 233 Muts/Mb (median 13). Demographics and outcomes are summarized in the table below. Tumor microsatellite (MS) status was reported stable for 11 pts and indeterminate for 1 pt. 1 PR (88.1 wks duration, tumor 11 Muts/Mb, MS stable, PDL-1 expression not reported, KRAS mutant) and 0 pts with SD16+ were observed for a DC and OR rate of 10% (95% CI: 0%, 45%); the null DC rate of 15% was not rejected (p=0.80) and the cohort closed due to futility. 4 pts had at least one grade 3-4 adverse or serious adverse event (AE/SAE) at least possibly related to N+I including myasthenia gravis, diarrhea, glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia, and small intestinal obstruction. Conclusions: Combination therapy with N+I does not have sufficient clinical activity in pts with MS stable, hTMB CRC for further evaluation in this pt population. Other treatments should be considered for these pts, including treatments offered in clinical trials. Clinical trial information: NCT02693535. [Table: see text]

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29 Background: In 2010 the National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommended a 21-gene assay recurrence score (RS) to aid in the adjuvant treatment decision among patients with estrogen receptor positive, lymph node negative early stage breast cancer. Early-decision impact studies show that the RS can reduce overall chemotherapy use by 27%. This study was performed to assess the cost-benefit of the test for the patients diagnosed and treated an academic institute before 2010. Methods: Data from early breast cancer estrogen-receptor–positive and lymph-node–negative patients (n = 87), who were diagnosed and treated at our center from 2004-2010 were analyzed. All patients had the 21-gene recurrence test done to guide in their management. Cost of chemotherapy, adverse effects, and supportive care costs were calculated from previously published articles. Results: 66 patients with stage I breast cancer and 21 patients with stage II were analyzed. All but one patient had a tumor size more than 5mm. In total, 27 patients received chemotherapy. Characteristics of patients receiving chemotherapy are shown in the table. Cost of 21 gene recurrence score assay was $4,000. Savings for each patient who did not receive chemotherapy was $21,715 after accounting for cost of the test. The total savings for 60 patients who did not receive chemotherapy was $1,302,900. Conclusions: Use of the 21-gene assay in patients with early stage lymph node negative breast cancer improves health outcomes by avoiding chemotherapy-related adverse events. It also appears to add no incremental costs. This study emphasizes the cost-saving potential of the Oncotype Dx 21 gene assay. [Table: see text]