Petrochemical industries have faced growing pressure to decrease their carbon emission from direct and indirect sources. This work aims to demonstrate a carbon tax’s introduction to a feasibility study on the heat exchanger (HE) replacement project at PT Kaltim Methanol Industri, Indonesia. The project was aimed to avoid methanol release as much as 48.88 MT/year. The release of methanol can also be associated with CO2 emission with an emission factor of 0.6 ton CO2e/ton methanol. Here, we investigated the influence of inclusion and exclusion of carbon tax to monetize the CO2 release. From the project investment point of view, carbon tax inclusion is expected to increase the cost-saving. Introduction of the carbon tax as high as 10 USD/ton CO2e with 5% annual increase gives IRR value of 7.06% with Payout Time (PoT) of ca. 11 years. The IRR value without carbon tax scenario is 6.68 % with the same range of PoT. Hence, the inclusion of carbon tax may increase the feasibility of the project. This work has demonstrated the positive role of the carbon tax to increase the feasibility of a project which inlines with the national initiatives to curb the CO2 emission from chemical industries. It is also worth noting that introduction of carbon tax should be accompanied by a reorganization of government incentives, including several financial policies to create a conducive atmosphere for investors in Indonesia.
A B S T R A KMetanol sebagai salah satu bahan kimia dasar dapat digunakan secara langsung sebagai campuran bahan bakar untuk internal combustion engines atau bahan baku antara (intermediate chemicals) untuk memproduksi beragam bahan kimia penting seperti formaldehyde, asam asetat, dimethyl ether (DME), dan methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). PT. KMI memproduksi metanol dengan bahan baku gas alam melalui proses steam reforming. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan produk yang berkualitas dan proses produksi yang efisien, dibutuhkan metana yang terbebas dari pengotor sulfur. Untuk itu diperlukan unit desulfurizer berupa fixed bed berisi katalis CoMo pada unit 010-D03 dan adsorben penjerap sulfur pada unit 010-D01. Pada tahun 2019 telah dilakukan penggantian katalis 3 in 1 yang mampu menghilangkan sulfur dalam satu tangki fixed bed (010-D01). Berdasarkan data dari logbook operasi pabrik berupa pressure drop, flowrate, suhu, dan komposisi dilakukan evaluasi penghematan energi dan keselamatan dari modifikasi ini. Penggantian katalis baru pada tangki 010-D01 yang memungkinkan tangki CoMo dioperasikan dalam kondisi kosong sehingga mengurangi pressure drop di dalam sistem. Adanya penurunan pressure drop mengakibatkan konsumsi steam pada kompresor NG menjadi berkurang sehingga didapatkan penghematan energi sebesar 379 kg/jam yang setara dengan 40913 USD/tahun atau 8545 MMBtu/tahun. Untuk menjamin keselamatan dari modifikasi, dilakukan evaluasi terhadap potensi deflagration-detonation dan api menggunakan komponen segitiga api. Berdasarkan parameter keberadaan oksigen, diagram flammability, dan autoignition temperature, modifikasi yang mengoperasikan tangki 010-D03 dalam kondisi kosong, aman dari bahaya terbentuknya api dan ledakan. Dengan demikian, modifikasi penggantian katalis dan pengosongan tangki 010-D03 terkonfirmasi meningkatkan efisiensi energi dan menghemat pemakaian sumber daya alam, sehingga mendorong aplikasi nyata sustainable development di dunia industri. Kata kunci: CoMo katalis; energi kompresi; unit desulfurizer; pressure dropABSTRACT As one of the essential chemicals, methanol can be used directly as fuel mixer for internal combustion engines or intermediate chemicals which can be utilized to produce various final chemicals such as formaldehyde, acetate acid, dimethyl ether (DME), dan methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). PT. KMI produces methanol based on natural gas through steam reforming process. The study aims to get good product quality and efficient process production, the raw material of methane should be avoided from any impurities, especially sulphur. To get those target, PT. KMI installed desulfurizer unit that consist of CoMo fixed bed catalyst on 010-D03 unit and adsorbent on 010-D01 unit. As improvement on 2019, the engineer found the 3 in 1 catalyst which success to preclude the sulphur trace element in the one vessel of 010-D01 unit. Based on the logbook data from plant operation such as pressure drop, flowrate, temperature and gas composition could be performed the evaluation to minimize the energy consumption and safety level of those modification. The replacement using new catalyst (3 in 1) on the 010-D01 unit allowed the system to operate the CoMo vessel (010-D03) with empty condition that could reduce pressure drop within the system. Based on the pressure drop reducing, the consumption of steam for running the NG compressor decreased and obtained the energy saving around 379 kg of steam/hour, which was equal to 40913 USD/year or 8545 MMBtu/year. In order to ensure the safety of this modification, the evaluation of fire and deflagration-detonation potential was done using triangle diagram. Based on the availability of oxygen, flammable region and autoignition temperature, the modification of 010-D01 unit which cause the empty operation of 010-D03 unit was safe from fire and explosion hazard. Therefore, the process modification through catalyst replacement could increase energy efficiency and natural resources saving for real action of sustainable development in the industrial sector. Keyword: CoMo catalyst; compression energy; desulfurizer unit; pressure drop
Inovasi berkelanjutan pada alat dan atau proses di dalam industri kimia untuk mencapai efisiensi dan industri yang ramah lingkungan wajib dilakukan. Dalam mendukung hal ini PT. KMI melakukan modifikasi proses dengan mengganti bahan neutralizing amine yang digunakan pada sistem boiler feed water. Penggantian amine dilakukan pada pertengahan tahun 2017, dari amine N1800 menjadi N1805. Data konsumsi amine dan air pelarut tahun 2015-2020 digunakan sebagai dasar evaluasi. Estimasi jumlah emisi juga dilakukan dengan menghitung kebutuhan air pelarut, drum kontainer bahan amine dan juga transportasi bahan dari produsen ke PT. KMI. Dari hasil perhitungan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggantian bahan amine dari N1800 ke N1805 memberikan benefit yang baik, yaitu: (1) menurunkan biaya tahunan untuk konsumsi amine, (2) menurunkan kebutuhan air pelarut dan beban pencemar air dan (3) menurunkan emisi secara signifikan. Penurunan emisi sebagian besar berasal dari penghematan penggunaan drum kontainer dan transportasi, sedangkan dari penurunan penggunaan air kurang signifikan.
Methanol is one of the important intermediate chemicals which is used widely in many processes to produce final products such as formaldehyde, dimethyl ether (DME), dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). As a pioneer of methanol producer in Indonesia, PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (KMI) has a strong commitment for sustainability and saving natural resources including enhancement of energy efficiency during production activities. Since mid-2018, to fulfill the electricity needs, PT. KMI has two main sources of electricity namely internal source using steam turbine generator and tie-in from PT. Kaltim Daya Mandiri (KDM). The modification of electricity sources promotes PT. KMI to evaluate the efficiency of internal electricity production. This has been conducted by performing optimization of blow down rate or cycle steam in boiler operation. Based on the data logbook, this work aims to evaluate the effect of blowdown rate on the energy saving and natural gas consumption. When the number of cycle steam boilers is altered from around 10 to 24, the company could get the potential energy saving around 300 MMBTU/day or 7.14% of total based energy consumption. In the boiler operation, decreasing blowdown rate would raise the cycle steam boiler and give final consequences to reduce energy losses from the release of BFW. The optimization of this cycle steam also cut the boiler specific energy consumption into around 3.0 MMBTU/ton steam. Based on the average heating value, this innovation could decline the natural gas consumption of PT. KMI around 122.91 MMSCF in the period of July 2018 – July 2019. Based on the result above, the modification of the cycle steam boiler would enhance energy efficiency, saving the natural resources and promote the application of sustainable development concept in the chemical industry.Keywords: blowdown rate; boiler energy; cycle steam; energy efficiency; PT. KMIA B S T R A KMetanol merupakan bahan kimia antara yang dipergunakan secara luas sebagai bahan baku untuk menghasilkan produk akhir berupa formaldehyde, dimetil eter (DME), asam dimetil tereftalat (DMT), dan methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Sebagai satu-satunya produsen metanol di Indonesia, PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (KMI) senantiasa berkomitmen untuk selalu melakukan penghematan sumber daya alam, salah satunya meningkatkan efisiensi energi. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan listriknya, perusahaan ini memiliki dua sumber yaitu internal perusahaan menggunakan steam turbine generator dan sambungan (tie-in) dari PT. Kaltim Daya Mandiri (KDM) sejak pertengahan 2018. Adanya perubahan konfigurasi tersebut mendorong PT. KMI melakukan inovasi berupa optimasi laju blowdown atau cycle steam pada boiler untuk meningkatkan efisiensi energi. Berdasarkan data logbook operasi pabrik akan dievaluasi besarnya penghematan energi yang didapatkan dari optimasi tersebut. Peningkatan efisiensi energi dapat diperoleh dengan mengurangi laju blowdown atau peningkatan cycle steam boiler. Perubahan cycle steam pada boiler dari kisaran 10 menjadi 24 akan memberikan penghematan energi sebesar 300 MMBTU/hari atau sekitar 7,14% dari kebutuhan energi mula-mula. Penurunan laju blowdown akan mengakibatkan energi buangan melalui BFW yang dikeluarkan dari boiler berkurang, sehingga dapat menghemat energi yang dibutuhkan oleh boiler. Optimasi cycle steam boiler ini juga membuat konsumsi energi yang dinyatakan dalam energy specific boiler berhasil diturunkan pada kisaran 3,0 MMBTU/ton steam. Berdasarkan tabulasi data, inovasi ini dapat menghemat sumber daya gas alam sebesar 122,91 MMSCF pada kurun waktu Juli 2018 hingga Juli 2019. Dengan demikian, perubahan cycle steam melalui penurunan laju blowdown pada boiler terkonfirmasi dapat meningkatkan efisiensi energi dan menghemat pemakaian sumber daya alam, yang pada akhirnya mendorong aplikasi nyata sustainable development concept di dunia industri. Kata kunci: cycle steam, energi boiler, energi efisiensi, laju blowdown, PT. KMI
Purification process of raw methanol from its impurities to produce pure methanol at PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (PT KMI) is carried out by several steps, including degassing, distillation, and adsorption. One of the impurities, tri methyl amine (TMA), could be removed by adding NaOH. Another method to remove TMA is conducted by adsorption process on ion exchange resin on the vessel called TMA catchpot. The TMA catchpot performance is very crucial in methanol purification process. Thus, monitoring and optimization are required to be performed regularly. Once the TMA catchpot resin has exhausted, the performance will be drop and methanol purification could not be done efficiently. Furthermore, the ion exchange resin should be replaced with new resin. This study evaluates the performance of the TMA catchpot during the charge of 2010, 2012, and 2016, calculates the NaOH consumption during operational time, and optimizes the cost. Resin regeneration option was introduced and compared with the conventional method (i.e. resin replacement). Economic evaluation shows that the lowest annual cost could be obtained by fresh resin replacement every 4 years and resin regeneration every 2 years. Resin regeneration option gives not only annual cost reduction, but also positive impact to the environment, by decreasing the amount of hazardous waste (i.e. spent resin) significantly.Keywords: ion exchange resin; methanol purification; regeneration; tri methyl amineA B S T R A KProses pemurnian metanol mentah (raw) dari pengotornya untuk menghasilkan metanol murni di PT. Kaltim Methanol Industri (PT KMI) dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan antara lain degassing, distilasi dan adsorpsi. Salah satu zat pengotor adalah tri methyl amine (TMA) yang dapat dihilangkan dengan penambahan NaOH. Metode lain untuk menghilangkan TMA adalah dengan proses adsorpsi menggunakan resin penukar ion di dalam tangki yang disebut TMA catchpot. Performa TMA catchpot sangat penting dalam proses pemurnian metanol. Oleh karena itu, pemantauan dan optimalisasi perlu dilakukan secara berkala. Setelah resin pada TMA catchpot jenuh, performanya akan menurun dan pemurnian metanol tidak dapat dilakukan secara efisien. Selanjutnya, resin penukar ion harus diganti dengan resin baru. Artikel ini mengevaluasi kinerja catchpot TMA pada penggantian resin (charge) 2010, 2012 dan 2016, menghitung konsumsi NaOH sebagai fungsi waktu operasi, dan mengoptimasi biaya pemurnian. Selain itu, disimulasikan opsi regenerasi resin, sebagai pembanding metode konvensional (penggantian resin). Evaluasi ekonomi menunjukkan bahwa biaya tahunan paling rendah didapatkan dengan penggantian resin baru setiap 4 tahun, dan regenerasi resin setiap 2 tahun. Selain biaya tahunan yang rendah, regenerasi ini berdampak positif terhadap lingkungan dengan mengurangi timbulan limbah B3 (resin bekas) secara signifikan.Kata kunci: pemurnian metanol; regenerasi; resin penukar ion; tri metil amin
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