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Lead is known for its toxic and non-biodegradable behavior. The consumption of lead-contaminated water is one of the major threat the world is facing nowadays. In this study, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and magnetite (FeO) composite nanofiber adsorbent was developed for Pb removal in batch mode. The synthesis was done by a simple and scalable process of electrospinning followed by chemical precipitation of FeO. The nanofibers thus obtained were characterized through FTIR, zeta potential analyzer, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and were analyzed for their adsorption capability for Pb ions. The amount of metal ion adsorbed was influenced by the initial metal ion concentration, the time the adsorbent was in contact, the amount of nanofiber, and the pH of the solution. The experimental data fitted well with pseudo 2nd-order and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The nanofibers showed high adsorption capability and could be recommended for Pb removal successfully.

In this study, the adsorption properties of cationized cellulose nanofibers (c-CNF) were examined for the removal of sulfate (SO4 2–) ions from aqueous solutions under diverse experimental conditions. Nanofiber mats were fabricated through electrospinning and cationized with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHTAC). The resultant c-CNF with an ammonium content of 0.134 mmol/g showed the maximum adsorption capacity of 24.5 mg of SO4 2– per gram of sorbent using a Langmuir isotherm model. A pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model was fitted to the adsorption rate data, showing a higher adsorption rate of 0.0022 mg g–1 min–1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed the average fiber diameter to be 280 ± 10 nm, and a BET surface area of 5.04 m2/g was obtained with a BET surface area and porosity analyzer. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the conversion of cellulose acetate (CA) to cellulose and its subsequent cationization. Furthermore, the consequences of cationization were evaluated by zeta potential measurements and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

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