The share of food expenditure describes how the level of household welfare in meeting food needs. The study aims to determine household food security in the province of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. This research was carried out in Banggai Laut Regency, Sulawesi Province by focusing on two regional conditions, namely in the mainland area with the sample area in Banggai Tengah District as the point of the mainland area and the island area, where Bangkurung District as the point of the archipelago. The sample of this research is the population who live in Bangkurung sub-district totaling 44 respondents and 44 respondents residing in the Banggai Tengah sub-district, which is carried out using a purposive sampling approach. To answer the research objectives, an analytical survey method was used, using a cross sectional study design. Food Expenditure Share Analysis shows that respondents in Banggai Laut Regency belong to the category of food insecurity

amounts of protein, it negatively impacts kidneys performance because automatic the human body will be reducing the amino acids, which are known as the deaminase process 6,7) . It will produce ammonia compounds from the breakdown of amino acid compounds in the cell, then it will be transferred into the bloodstream and is carried to the liver 8,9) . In the final step, ammonia compounds are excreted in the urea cycle and excreted through the kidneys as urine. Excess amino acids burden the performance of the kidneys and liver because more N atom has to be excreted by the body 10,11) . Therefore, a urine sensor is needed to detect excess amino acids wasted in the human body, which is expected to identify proteinuria diseases. In this research, we study one type of amino acid, namely L-tryp-Abstract: Electrochemical processes are an effective method for detecting dangerous food ingredients. The synergistic between the reduction-oxidation (redox) processes inspired several papers and spurred research towards studying the new materials that can further adapt to optimize the rapid detection of chemical compounds. In this study, we report the eco-synthesis using graphene/TiO 2 rutile (G/TiO 2 ) electrode microstructures easily prepared through the physical method by mixing graphene and TiO 2 powder and its application for sensing L-tryptophan (Trp) compound. The material characterization results show that the graphene surface is smoother than the G/TiO 2 material. Graphene has been detected using X-ray diffraction (XRD) at a value of 2 thetas 26.39° and TiO 2 forms rutile crystals (110). The FTIR spectrum exhibits the functional groups from graphene of -OH, C-H, C=C, C-O, and TiO 2 identified with Ti-O bonds. The electrochemical test against G/TiO 2 electrode microstructures for Trp compound shows that 0.5 g TiO 2 rutile was the best composition functionalized with graphene material under 0.1M K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] + 0.1M NaNO 3 electrolyte with a scan rate of 0.1 V/s. Determination of the detection limit was obtained at 0.005 mg/L with a HorRat value of 1.05%. The stability test was carried out for 25 days, and the addition of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 as an interference compound had a significant effect on the decrease in electrode performance.

This study aims to determine the effect of calcination temperature on Titanium dioxide impregnated Ouw Natural Clay (LAO) on the degradation of Rhodamine B dye. The calcination temperature used was 200, 300, and 400 °C. Their radiation was carried out with 3x8 watt UV lamps and sunlight. The degradation percentage of Rhodamine B dye produced by LAO-TiO2 calcined at a temperature of 200, 300, and 400 °C with sunlight were 98.80%, 98.87%, and 96.07%, respectively. The degradation percentage of Rhodamine B dye produced by LAO-TiO2 calcined at temperatures of 200, 300, and 400 °C with the help of UV light were 96.01%, 97.41 %, and 97.18%, respectively.

<em>The leadership problem has become a separate problem for the management of</em> <em>Bank DKI Jakarta, where the past few years have shown that there is a decrease in the performance of each manager, where this decline occurs due to a decrease in the performance of each individual employee below. The application of bad leadership will have an impact on the achievement of corporate goals obtained from not the maximum results achieved from each individual employee. On the other hand, in anticipating vacancies in certain positions and in improving job skills and skills, the company provides training for employees in the hope that all of the goals and objectives of the company can be achieved. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of leadership and training both simultaneously on employee performance at Bank DKI Jakarta. In primary data collection the author involved 57 permanent employees at the Bank DKI Jakarta head office. The technique of analysis uses simple regression analysis and multiple regression. The results showed that there were influences both partially and simultaneously leadership variables and training on employee performance.</em>

Pupuk organik cair NASA ialah pupuk organik natural dari ekstrak bahan organik limbah ternak serta unggas, limbah sebagian tumbuhan tertentu dan zat-zat natural yang lain yang diproses dengan teknologi ramah lingkungan. Percobaan ini memiliki tujuan agar dapat mengetahui konsentrasi POC NASA yang pas bagi 5 varietas bawang merah yang ditanam di Wamena. Penelitian disusun dalam bentuk rancangan acak kelompok dua faktor. Faktor 1 berupa 5 varietas bawang merah, seperti Crok, Tiron, super Biru dan Bima serta satu varietas lokal Wamena sebagai pembanding. Sedangkan faktor 2 terdiri atas 3 taraf konsentrasi POC NASA yakni: 0 ml, 150 ml dan 250 ml. Informasi hasil penelitian dianalisis memakai ANOVA taraf 5 %. Apabila berpengaruh nyata, maka pengujian dianalisis lanjut dengan tes jarak berganda Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 5%. Hasil percobaan membuktikan bahwa produktivitas tanaman bawang merah dipengaruhi oleh interaksi antara konsentrasi POC NASA dengan varietas bawang merah. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan adanya interaksi nyata oleh perlakuan POC NASA 150 ml dengan varietas Super Biru pada parameter tinggi tanaman dan bobot segar akar, kemudian perlakuan POC NASA 250 ml dengan varietas Lokal Wamena pada parameter bobot kering daun, selanjutnya perlakuan POC NASA 250 ml dengan varietas Bima pada pengamatan kandungan klorofil a dan jumlah daun.