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To cite this paper: Hussain, T., I. Fatima, M.I. Shahzad, M. Rafay, S. Bano and M. Abdullah, 2015 The results indicate that fruits of these plants were more effective in controlling microbes in their aqueous extracts while leaves of these plants were effective in their ethanolic extracts as compared to aqueous and n-hexane extract. In comparison to leaves of these plants, the leaves of D. inoxia was rich source against antimicrobial agents, similarly in comparison of fruits, the fruit of P. minima was best in terms of antimicrobial activities. Overall these plants were most effective against S. aureus and least effective against K. pneumonia in comparison to their antibacterial potentials.

Plants have been used as a source of food as well as medicines by the man throughout history. Echinops echinatus was evaluated for phytochemicals and antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Anti-urease inhibition assay activities were tested during the study. The laminar flow cabin was cleaned with 70% ethanol. α-glucosidase inhibition activity was performed according to the standard method with slightly modification. Carbohydrates, phenols and tannins were found positive in leaves, stems and roots. Saponins and glycosides were found in flowers, leaves, roots and stems. While roots and stems revealed the presence of steroids. Terpenoids were found in flowers and leaves. The leaves showed the maximum inhibition zone 10mm against K. pneumonia while against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was found inactive. K. pneumoniae, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were resistant to flowers extract. The root extract showed maximum zone of inhibition 18 mm against S. aureus while against P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia inhibition zone was 15mm and 14mm respectively. The extracts of leaves, flowers, roots and stem showed positive results for α-glucosidase. The roots extract showed maximum inhibition with 75.3±1.5 with IC50 value of 207.3±1.3 for α-glucosidase. Urease inhibitory activity of stem extracts showed maximum inhibition activity 93.71±0.86 with IC50 value 15.63±0.42. While leaves and roots showed almost same activity 92.45±0.63 and 92.63±0.76, respectively. Echinops echinatus could be considered for further studies in the treatment of various ailments as a natural remedy.