The current study was designed to identify the stage for the diagnosis of disease before visible symptoms appeared. Fluorescence spectroscopy has been employed to identify disease signatures for its early diagnosis in rice plant leaves. Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) diseased and healthy leaf samples were collected from the rice fields in September, 2017 which were then used to record spectra using an excitation wavelength at 410 nm. The spectral range of emission was set from 420 to 800 nm which covers the blue-green and the chlorophyll bands. It was found that diseased leaves have a narrower 'chlorophyll a' band than healthy ones, and furthermore, that the emission band at 730 nm was either declined or depleted in the sample with high infection symptoms. In contrast, the blue-green region was observed to increase due to the emergence of disease. As the band intensity of chlorophyll decreases during infection, this decrease in chlorophyll content and increase in the blue-green spectral region could provide a new approach for predicting BLB at an early stage. The important finding was that the chlorophyll degradation and rise in the blue-green region take place in leaves with BLB or during BLB infection. Principal component analysis has been applied to spectral data which successfully separated diseased samples from healthy ones even with very small spectral variations.
SUMMARY:Among the neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson disease (PD) is ranked as second most common. The pathological hallmark is selective degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the nigro-striatal regions of brain with appearance of the Lewy bodies. Present study explores the neuro-protective potential of polydatin in terms of amelioration of degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in nigro-striatal regions of brain and distorted neuromotor behavior in the rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Group A (control), Group B (rotenone treated) and Group C (rotenone+polydatin treated). Rotenone was administrated intraperitoneally (i.p) at a dose of 3 mg/kg/body weight while polydatin was given i.p. at a dose of 50 mg/ kg/body weight for four weeks. Then, animals were sacrificed; substantia nigra (SN) & striatum isolated from brain and five micron thick sections were prepared. Cresyl violet (CV), H&E and Immuno-histochemical staining using anti-TH antibody was done. Motor behavior was assessed weekly throughout the experiment using five different methods. Rotenone treated parkinsonian animals showed deterioration of motor behavior, weight loss, loss of dopaminergic neurons and diminished immune-reactivity in the sections from the nigrostriatal regions of these animals Polydatin+rotenone treatment showed contradicting effects to parkinsonism, with amelioration in weight loss, neuro-motor behavior, dopaminergic loss and immune-reactivity against dopaminergic neurons. Present study revealed a neuro-protective potential of polydatin in animal model of PD by ameliorating the neuro-motor abnormalities and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in nigrostriatal regions.
ORIGINAL PROF-2759 ABSTRACT… Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is commonly injured especially in sportsmen. Autografts using tissue from various sources including the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament are popular but still controversial due to varying degree of success. The morphological characteristics of the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament are of prime importance for this purpose. Objectives: This cadaveric study was undertaken to evaluate the morphometric characteristics of the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament as an autograft for ACL reconstructive surgery. Study design: Qualitative cadaveric study. Material and methods: The morphometric observations of the quadriceps tendon and patellar ligament on 36 (18 male and 18 female) adult formalin fixed cadavers were recorded by dissection. The observations included the length, breadth and thickness of the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament and were recorded on both sides separately in the male and female subjects. The data were tabulated, compared and statistically analyzed. Results: There was no significant difference in measurements on the right and left sides both in the male and in the female specimens. However the length and width of the quadriceps tendon was more in the males as compared to the females. The patellar ligament was significantly longer in the male specimens as was its width. Thickness of the patellar ligament, however, was not significantly different in the two genders. Conclusion: Both the quadriceps tendon and the patellar ligament are safe and convenient sources of autograft tissue for reconstruction of the ACL.
Objectives To evaluate and compare in vitro activity of Ceftolazane / Tazobactum and Colistin against Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methodology After ethical approval this in vitro cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2018. Routine samples of pus, wound swabs, blood, tracheal aspirates and urine were collected and received from the in-patient and out-patient clinics. All the samples were submitted for culture and sensitivity testing at the microbiology laboratory of Ziauddin University Hospital, North Nazimabad campus. All the samples were processed according to the provided microbiological procedures, CLSI Guidelines 2018. Results Forty sample from the out-patient clinics represented pre-dominance of Multi Drug Resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (which was found to be 41.2%). On culture and sensitivity testing, it was observed that 60% of the MDR strains of P. aeruginosa were susceptible to Ceftolazane / Tazobactum which was markedly comparable to the susceptibility shown by Colistin (99%).Statistically, P value was highly significant and was found to be 0.0001. Conclusion Colistin showed superior activity as compared to Ceftolazane / Tazobactum against MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa. Thus, Colistin has proven to be a possible and important alternative against MDR isolates of P. aeruginosa, but due to its narrow therapeutic window and toxicity profile this drug can be used only when there is no working alternative, or the infection is severely debilitating.
Background:The accurate and efficient diagnosis at the early stages of neurological disorders is the key feature for effective treatment and productive research for finding out new ways to combat diseases. It is essentially true for neurological disorders where there is no effective cure, but only treatments are available for slowing down the procedure. Neurological disorders reveal only non-specific clinical symptoms of mental changes/decline starting from a few days to decades after initiation which goes very challenging to differentiate even at later stages when the disorder becomes way aggressive. Despite the fact of having great need, the current availability of diagnostic tests is unable to diagnose different forms of neurological disorders. Aim: The aim of this review is to explore the application of Raman spectroscopy (RS) and mass spectrometry (MS) for the detection of changes in the biochemical composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood serum, urine, and saliva. The approach will be based on probing biochemical composition of a biofluid totally using the spectroscopy analysis with advanced statistics. The power of high differentiation method will promote the translation of RS from mere a laboratory technique to clinically useful tool. Demonstration of biochemical information derived from RS from CSF, blood, saliva, and urine that will yield accurate and selective detection of neurological disorders. It will also provide diagnostic and prognostic indicators and will also play a significant role in the development of personalized medicine. Conclusion: Combination of RS and other techniques such as MS and advanced molecular techniques will allow differentiating CSF, blood serum, saliva, and urine samples of common neurological disorders from normal control patients with sensitivity and specificity close to 95%. Clinical Significance: The outcome of the research methods explained will demonstrate an accurate discriminative method which will be based on RS for the detection of neurological disorders. The findings of research in the review will furthermore confirm that if the biomedical application of the methods will either allow to distinguish and detect biomarkers of neurological disorders from biofluids and is it a viable clinical tool that can be used for an accurate diagnosis through a simple test.
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