Aim: To evaluate the transvaginal ultrasound in management of abnormal uterine bleeding. Place and duration of study: Department of Radiology, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Hospital Sukkur from 1st July 2021 to 31st December 2021. Methodology: In this prospective study one hundred patients were enrolled. The patients were scrutinized on bases of their abnormal uterine bleeding and underwent transvaginal ultrasound. The clinical and demographic information was recorded and the sonographic results were evaluated. Results: There was no significant difference of age with the number of their births. Menorrhagia was observed in 13% while 57(57%) had metrorrhagia and 30% were having menometrorrhagia. The abnormal uterine bleeding diagnosis was made and it was seen that 61% leiomyoma, 22% polyp, 12% adenomyosis and 5% endometrial adenocarcinoma cases were presented respectively. Within these cases endometrial adenocarcinoma had transvaginal scan sensitivity of 100% followed by leiomyoma as 93% transvaginal scan sensitivity in cases. Conclusion: Transvaginal ultrasound is an efficient way of managing abnormal uterine bleeding. Keywords: Uterine bleeding, Transvaginal, Ultrasonography

Objective: To investigate clinical correlation of ovarian cyst malignant or benign with ultrasound reports. Study Design: Prospective observational study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College, Sukkur from 1st November 2019 to 31st July 2021 Methodology: Ninety five patients with accidental diagnosis of ovarian mass were enrolled as patients and had symptoms of abdominal pain, palpable-mass as well as irregularities in the menstrual cycles. Diagnosis of each patient was based on ultrasound which was assisted with TVS or Doppler depending upon the cases under consideration. The ultrasonographical reports were correlated with the clinical examination and diagnosis findings for better assessment of the ovarian mass. Results: Mean age was 42 years with 62.3% those women who were in reproductive age while rest were having menopause. 70% were presenting abdominal pain and 2% were asymptomatic. Doppler scan reports showed that all cases of malignancy were having high vascularity with R1< 0.4 in 100% of cases while R1>0.4 was highest in benign cases. The ultrasonographical imaging showed an obvious variance in the imaging reports of benign verses malignant cases where an irregular margin mass was prominently noticeable in cases of malignant ovarian tumor. Conclusion: High sensitivity and specificity was also seen among clinical cases correlated with ultrasound having Doppler scanning. Keywords: Ultrasonography, Ovarian cyst, Tumors, Adnexal masses

Objective: To assess hydronephrotic kidney assessment via ultrasonography. Study Design: Prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology, Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana from 1st August 2020 to 31st September/2021. Methodology: Two hundred patients visited for the complaint and suspicion of hydronephrosis and within them 40 patients were diagnosed with hydronephrosis. The both kidneys were examined in the longitudinal as well as transvers planes of scanning using colored Doppler technique in ultrasonography. In older age patients a curved-array transducer having centered frequencies (3-6 MHz) was applied while in case of younger patients’ linear array-transducer was used with high entre frequencies. Results: The age of the patients was between 12-72 years with more elderly patients than youngsters. Most of the patients were males rather than females. Ureteropelvic obstruction in junction, primary megaureter as well as urethral valve involvement was observed in ultrasound imaging of hydronephrotic pediatric kidney. End stage hydronephrosis was presented in adult patients with cortical thining. Conclusion: Ureter and kidney stone appeared to be a common reason of hydronephrosis. Keywords: Hydronephrosis, Ultrasonography, Blockage, Calculi

Aim: To compare chest computed tomography (CT) diagnosis of ground glass opacities in the COVID-19 patients. Study design: Retrospective study. Place and duration of study: Department of Radiology, Ghulam Muhammad Mahar Medical College Sukkur from 1st July 2020 to 31 August 2021. Methodology: Fifty patients on differential CT diagnosis of ground glass opacities seen in COVID 19 patients were enrolled. Thoracic CT images by applying auto exposure-control settings and ranges of scan were done. The noise-index was kept as 12.3. Using helical 16 slice Alexion CT-Toshiba. Keeping a comparison with viral infection CT images a list of 7 signs which were positive for Covid CT scan were recorded. Peripheral lesions meant any lesions which effects peripheral area up to 3 to 4 cm lung periphery with/without having central dispersal. A hazy-opacity was termed as ground glass. Results: Mean age of the patients was 49.1±10.2 years with 27 (54%) males and 23(46%) females. Mix ground glass opacitites and consolidation were also the features of the CT imaging in coronavirus posisitve cases. Man-Whitney test results showed that combined-CT scoring had a SE value as 0.044 with a confidence interval between 0.756-0.927. Comparing the differential CT values within COVID and non COVID patients based on RT PCR results it was observed that posterior region lower lobe involvement was a feature of COVID-19 patients while crazy paving pattern and peripheral distribution was also seen in corona patients. Conclusion: Present study highlights that chest CT helps in differentitaing corona virus from other causes of pneumonias and grond glass opacities. Key words: Chest CT; Differential diagnosis; COVID-19; Ground glass opacities (GGO)