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This study is conducted to find out the factors which are associated with students’ academic achievements in the subject of mathematics in different higher education institutions which are based in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The data is collected through a structured questionnaire from Bachelor of Studies (BS) 5th semester program of all the academic departments of well-known government educational institutions of Peshawar. All academic departments, except the departments of mathematics were selected, especially where the subject of mathematics is taught as compulsory or general course to the undergraduate students.  The collected data is analysed on SPSS-20. For the analysis purpose mean, standard deviation, T-test, chi-square, and odd ratios are used. The results show that earlier performance such as primary level, attitude toward mathematics, difficulty of mathematics, study hours and self-confidence in mathematics learning are associated with students’ academic achievement in mathematics.

This study explores the learners’ strategies for heuristic ability in mathematics at the secondary level. The study is qualitative, and the method adopted for obtaining information about the learner’s strategies is a case study. The site selected is Govt. Girls Higher Secondary School Rustam, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Participants of the study were six in number, selected from science group students of the 9th class based on their interests. A test of non-routine problems was used for the collection of data. Six non-routine problems were given to the students to check their heuristic ability. Non-routine problems were analysed through cognitive strategies. No scoring of students was considered in this study. The researchers categorized the learner’s responses so that students who solved questions by applying complete strategy were marked with the word excellent, the half strategy was marked very good, and unsatisfactory solutions were marked satisfactory. The study investigated learners’ strategies such as making tables, using formulas, guessing, making diagrams, doing trial and error, logical reasoning, non-logical reasoning and looking for patterns. Results show that students who are interested, motivated and have a positive attitude toward learning practice various methods for solving non-routine problems.

This study investigates the relationship between economic growth and employment in Pakistan at the aggregate and sectoral levels. It uses different econometric models, such as the Cobb-Douglas production function, the employment demand model, and the ARDL model, to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. It finds that economic growth does not create enough jobs for the population and that there is a mismatch between the output and employment growth of different sectors. It shows that the service sector, which is the fastest-growing sector in Pakistan, has a contradictory and weak impact on employment and growth, and that it relies on more capital-intensive technology. It recommends that the government and policy makers should focus on the real sector, especially the industry sector, which has a positive and significant effect on employment and growth. It also suggests that Pakistan should use its large population as a source of labor-intensive development rather than relying on technology.

Arsenic (As3+) is the most carcinogenic and abundantly available heavy metal present in the environment.