No abstract

Cayenne pepper is known as a sensitive plant to water stress, either drought or flooding. However, not many studies on the plant's response to the naturally occurring periodic flooding have been reported to date. This study aimed to determine the agronomic and genetic response of cayenne pepper against periodic flooding and find whether RAPD profile reflects periodic flooding endurance. Three cultivars of cayenne pepper: Cakra Hijau (CH); Mhanu XR (M); and Sret (S) were used. Plants were treated with periodic flooding P0 (one day of flooding followed by two days of drainage), P1 (2 x P0), and P2 (3 x P0), and C as control. A completely randomized design was used for the experiment, and the data obtained were analyzed statistically. Plant height and the number of fruits between the control and every flooding treated plant were significantly different, indicating that periodic flooding caused the delay of stem growth and decreased fruit number of all cultivars. The number of branches was influenced significantly by periodic flooding.In contrast, the plant survival rate showed no significant difference among all treatments. The higher the periodic flooding, the higher the risk of plant death and increased risk of production loss. Jaccard's clustering on RAPD profiling indicated that the group was developed based on cultivar more than periodic flooding. It was concluded that CH differed from others and had better endurance against periodic flooding, made it a right candidate for a breeding program.

Cayenne pepper is a cultivated plant that is susceptible to flooding caused by poor drainage systems on agricultural land. Plants are more sensitive to flooding in the generative phase. The generative phase of the plant begins when it is approaching the flowering process until it bears fruit. The objectives of this study to examined the impact of cayenne pepper cultivar selection and repeated flooding on the average flowering time, fruiting time and the percentage of fruit loss. Three types of cayenne pepper cultivars were used, namely Mhanu XR, Sret and Cakra Hijau. Repeated flooding treatments were flooding 1 time, 2 times, 3 times and control without flooding. The data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA statistical test. The results indicated that cultivar selection had a significant influence on the average flowering time, fruiting and fruit loss percentage. Meanwhile, repeated flooding and interaction between cultivars and repeated flooding had no significant effect on flowering time, fruiting and the percentage of fruit loss. The conclusion shows that the three cultivars of cayenne pepper have different responses to repeated flooding on the parameters of the time of flowering, fruiting and the percentage of fruit loss with the most adaptive cultivar, namely Cakra Hijau. The Cakra Hijau cultivar can be a good candidate in poor drainage than the Mhanu XR and Sret cultivars.

The utilization of plant-based pesticides and the selection of cultivars of cayenne pepper have not been well optimized by farmers. The purpose of the study was to analyze the types of cayenne pepper pests, examine the association of cayenne cultivars against pest attacks, and analyze the application of commercial vegetable pesticides to pest visits. The research method used was experimental with a completely randomized design. The sample of this study consisted of three cayenne cultivars, namely Sret, Mhanu XR, and Green Chakra. The research instrument used observation sheets of pest communities before and after the application of vegetable pesticides. The type and number of pests are directly observed and identified in the laboratory. Data on the influence of cayenne cultivar on pest populations were analyzed by ANOVA test while the effect of using vegetable pesticides using t-test. The results showed that the types of pests found were Aphis sp., Polyphagotarsonemus sp., Thrips sp., Bactrocera sp. and Chrysodeixis sp. Statistical tests showed cayenne cultivar did not significantly influence pest visits while the application of plant-based pesticides had a significant effect on the decrease in Thrips sp. and Aphis sp. The conclusion of this study, namely five types of pests attack three cayenne cultivars, the selection of three chili cultivars does not affect pest visits while the application of vegetable pesticides can reduce the number of pest visits Thrips sp. and Aphis sp significantly.