ABSTRAKIndonesia mempunyai keragaman flora yang sangat besar. Lebih dari 400 ribu jenis tumbuhan telah teridentifikasi bahan kimianya dan 10 ribu di antaranya mengandung metabolit sekunder yang potensial sebagai bahan baku pestisida nabati. Hasil-hasil penelitian menunjukkan senyawa metabolit sekunder dapat mengendalikan populasi serangga hama. Sifat dan mekanisme kerja bahan nabati tersebut dalam melindungi tanaman dapat sebagai antifitopatogenik (antibiotik pertanian), fitotoksik atau mengatur pertumbuhan tanaman (fitotoksin, hormon, dan sejenisnya), dan bahan aktif terhadap serangga (hormon serangga, feromon, antifidan, repelen, atraktan, dan insektisida). Tulisan ini membahas pemanfaatan insektisida nabati dalam pengendalian hama kumbang bubuk (Sitophilus spp.) pada jagung selama penyimpanan. Selain pada jagung, hama ini juga merusak komoditas tanaman pangan penting lainnya seperti padi, sorgum, dan gandum. Untuk mengatasi hama tersebut, pemanfaatan insektisida nabati dapat menjadi salah satu pilihan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan metabolit sekunder dapat menekan perkembangan populasi serangga hama. Kandungan metabolit sekunder pada tanaman antara lain adalah senyawa atsiri seperti minyak atsiri, sitral, geraniol, tanin, piperin, asetogenin, azadirahtin, saponin, asaron, akoragermakron, akolamonin, isoakolamin, kalameon, kalamediol, alfamirin, kaemfasterol, salanin, nimbin, nimbidin, asetogenin, dan beberapa kelompok asam seperti asam sianida, asam oleanolat, dan asam galoyonat. Komponen alkaloid hampir terdapat dalam semua tanaman yang diuji, selain flavonoid lainnya yang berdampak langsung terhadap kehidupan serangga hama. oils, citral, geraniols, tannins, piperines, acetogenins, azadirachtin, saponin, asarone, akoragermakron, akolamonin, isoakolamin, kalameon, kalamediol, alfamirin, kaemfasterol, salannine, nimbin, nimbidin, acetogenin, and PENDAHULUAN Kebijakan global pembatasan penggunaan pestisida sintetis dapat menjadi hambatan dalam ekspor komoditas pertanian. Hal ini karena isu pencemaran lingkungan membuat negara-negara maju makin waspada yang manifestasinya dapat dilihat dengan semakin ketatnya peraturan yang berkaitan dengan ecolabelling. Persyaratan yang tercantum di dalamnya sangat sulit diterapkan oleh pelaku usaha, pemerintah, dan masyarakat sehingga dapat menghambat ekspor produk pertanian Indonesia (Suwanto 1994;Suwahyono 1996).Pemerintah telah ikut berperan dalam mengatasi masalah pencemaran limbah pertanian dengan menerapkan teknologi yang ramah lingkungan. Ekoteknologi merupakan salah satu cara untuk mengatasi masalah lingkungan, yakni teknologi yang memerlukan energi yang kecil dan menghasilkan buangan sekecil mungkin (yang mampu diterima oleh lingkungan) atau tanpa limbah (Said 1994;Utami dan Rahyu 1996).

The maize weevil is corn pests that reduce production and damages the storage quality. Therefore, pest management should simultaneously be carried out by applying all available technologies. This pest can damage up to 30% of plant productivity, not including the value of losses due to decreased quality of hazardous materials for health and safety, both as feed and feed. Aflatoxin contamination for example, can be dangerous if consumed. This paper is a desk study that reviews some literature, attempts to describe the role of cultivation technology improvement, crop protection, optimum watering, phosphate fertilization, the technology of postharvest handling, management of water content of corn kernels, sanitation, cleanliness, warehouse management, pesticide use, and fumigation in reducing the scale of damage and increasing the added value of production, and improving the quality of stored materials so that they are safe to use, both as food and feed. The utilization of cultivation technology management and good postharvest handling will have an impact on controlling and reducing the damage quality of storage materials and increasing the safe product quality for both food and feed needs as well.

In tropical climates, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch is the main pest of maize, often found when the plants are still in the field or storage warehouses. Damage to the products or stored materials has a significant effect on the economic value because 1) the materials are ready for consumption and 2) the materials have cost a lot of money from the seeding, tillage, planting, maintenance, to the harvesting stage. Thus, slight damage to the stored materials due to the pests can cause significant losses compared to attacks by other plant-disturbing organisms. Moreover, attacks from these insects will reduce the quality and quantity of materials, such as changes in color, taste, and unpleasant odor, and even cause contamination of diseases carried by these organisms such as aflatoxins and a decrease in nutritional quality, seed weight, and percentage of germination, which in turn will reduce the market value. In many literatures, it is stated that the quantity of S. zeamais Motsch attacks ranges from 26 to 29% and even reaches above 30%. In South Sulawesi, the damage has reached 85%, which can reduce the quantity of materials by up to 17%. If the moisture content of the stored material is high enough, between 18 - 20%, the attack rate of these pests will also be higher. This condition can cause damage between 30 - 40% with a weight loss of 12.65 - 21.54%. This paper discusses a closer introduction to the insect pest S zeamais Motsch, which includes the role of this pest in damaging agricultural products and its impacts and the biological, morphological, and ecological attributes of insects. The authors hope that this information can be useful in information technology about insects.

<p>Indonesia has numerous and varied natural resources of spices plant which grow at almost all theregions. These plants can grow and adapt to the slightly diverse agroecological conditions and agroecosystems, from dry to wet. In general, the utilization of these plants by the community is still limited as ingredients and spices for culinary and flavoring instead of the potential of bioactive compounds contained therein. These resourcesare very useful and effective utilized asbioinsecticides to eradicate plant pests and diseases, as well as medicine for human. This paper discussed the benefits and efficacy of several spiceplants, namely lemongrass, shallots, garlic, sweet and chili peppers, clove, sand ginger (kencur), and pepper as herbicides at various levels of dosage and treatments. This manuscript also discussed the constraints and development strategies, and aimed to provide information on the science and technology in controlling the Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch) pests in corn kernels during the storage period. It is expected that this paper would be useful for the policy makers, academicians, researchers and practitioners who have the competence to deal with beetle pest problems.</p><p>Keywords: Spices, bioinsecticides, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch), controlling</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Tanaman rempah yang tumbuh di hampir seluruh wilayah Indonesia sangat beragam. Tanaman ini beradaptasi pada berbagai agroekologi dan agroekosistem, mulai dari wilayah beriklim kering sampai beriklim basah. Pemanfaatan tanaman ini oleh masyarakat umumnya masih terbatas sebagai bahan rempah dan bumbu kuliner, penyedap masakan dan cita rasa, padahal senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung di dalamnya potensial sebagai pestisida nabati untuk membasmi hama penyakit tanaman dan bahan obat kesehatan manusia. Tulisan ini membahas manfaat dan kemanjuran dari beberapa tanaman rempah, yakni tanaman sereh, bawang merah, bawang putih, lombok merah, cengkeh, kencur, dan lada sebagai pestsisida nabati dalam berbagai dosis dan ragam perlakuan. Kendala dan strategi pengembangan pestisida nabati bagi penggulangan hama kumbang bubuk perlu mendapat perhatian yang tidak saja untuk kepentingan masyarakat luas, namun diperlukan sebagai informasi ilmu dan teknologi penanganan hama secara terpadu.</p><p>Kata kunci: tanaman rempah, bioinsektisida, hama kumbang bubuk, pengendalian</p>

The study of natural enemy population density among the main predator species of corn plants was conducted in Maros Experimental Station (ES), Research Institute for Cereal Crops in 2018. The research uses direct patrol techniques, conducted by making direct observations in the field to record the presence of natural enemies. The natural enemies are observed by referring to Shepard et al. (1987) about insects which are beneficial for biological control of food crop pests. Identification of the presence of these natural enemies was carried out on several stadia (stages) of corn plants and on grass or plant habitus around the observation area as a comparison. Determination of plant samples was carried out on research plots and blocks around the Maros ES. The observation plots used 3 replications by taking 20-30 samples of plants per replication or a total of 60-90 observation/block units. Deuteronomy is a plot divided into 3 plots of observation whose width is adjusted to the area and length of the plot of the study. The recording of the insect population of natural enemies was conducted by calculating the number in each replicate plot by taking pictures of all types of insects found on the plant and then the results were identified in line with the guide book. The results of the recording were tabulated to find out the total average number of natural enemy populations that appear on the observation plot/block. Observations show that in Maros EF, the natural enemies identified and found in the location of observations are 8 types, each of which are Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius) also called dome beetle, Agriocnemis pygmaea (Rambur) or needle dragonfly, Micraspis sp. or coccinellid beetles, Oxyopes javanus (Thorel) or sharp eye spiders, Conocephalus longipennis (de Haan) or grasshoppers, Lycosa pseudoannulata (Boesenberg and Strand) or wolf spiders, Limnogonus fossarum (Fabricius) or water bedbug, Tetragnatha maxillosa (Thorell) or long jaw spider.