Objectives: To determine the risk factors leading to acute decompensation of chronic heart failure in patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan Methodology: Study was conducted at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Cardiology department, Islamabad, Pakistan, 164 chronic heart failure patients aged ≥18 years; diagnosed with CHF from both genders were included. Patients with sudden onset of disease and unstable vital signs, impaired mobility; diagnosis with major depression or those having cognitive functioning disorder were excluded from study.Medical records were analyzed for the patient’s chronic heart failure risk factor profile i.e., history of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemiaand smoking. Details of the coronary angiogram, laboratory investigations, and metabolic and cardiac biomarker were noted. Data was entered and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 2.0. P< 0.05 will be considered as significant. Results: In study analysis it was found that out of total 164 participants, study included 78 males (47.6%) and 86 females (52.4%). out of which 157 (95.7%) were having history of hypertension and 85 (51.8%) were found to be having history of diabetes. Participant included in study who used to smoke were 92 (56.1%), patients having dyslipidemia were found to be 85 (51.8%) and 85 (51.8%) were obese. Out of all patients 157 (95.7%) were found to be having a sedentary life, while 19 (8.5%) participants have developed new ischemia. Out of all participants 93 (56.71%) were found to be having ECG changes and 72 (43.9%) were found to have cardiac enzyme changes. Mean age of participant was found to be 59.51±45.54. Mean HB level was found to be 12.8±1.8 and mean respiratory rate was found to be 19.12 ±3.4. Mean pulse was found to be 94.7±3.4. Mean BP was found to be 118.22±10.7.

Objective: To determine the risk factors leading to ST Elevation Myocardial infarction in young patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital,Islamabad Pakistan Methodology: Prospective observational study was conducted at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Cardiology department, Islamabad, Pakistan for duration of 10 months. Study was conducted on sample size of 164 selected through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Study included participants with age less than or equals to 45 and participants from both genders.However, participants with Age more than 45and those having non ST myocardial infarction were excluded. findings including Blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, cyanosis, S3, Killip class and JVP were noted. Data was entered and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). P value of < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: Mean age of participant was found to be 25.3±4.3, mean BMI was found to be 25.8 ±0.81. Mean HB level was found to be 12.8±0.8 and mean respiratory rate was found to be 18. Risk factor HTN in association with gender was found to have significant difference between two with p value of 0.01 In study analysis it was seen that risk factor HTN in association with age was found to have significant difference between two with p value of 0.05.Smoking in association with age was found to have shown significant difference between two with p value of 0.02Family history of MI in association with age was found to have shown significant difference between two with p value of 0.04. Conclusion: Risk factors HTN ,Smoking and family history were found to be positively associated with ST elevation myocardial infarctionin young age.