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This study examined a moderated mediation model to explain how the indirect effect of transformational leadership (TL) on employees’ organizational commitment (OC) via procedural justice (PJ) is moderated by career growth opportunities (CGOs) in organizations. Data were gathered from 265 college faculty members. The results indicate that PJ serves as mediator between TL and OC, and this mediation process is affected by career growth. This research contributes to the leadership, human resource management, and organizational psychology literature by explaining how CGOs may affect the mediating process of PJ through which the relationship between TL and OC is determined. Organizational leaders can take insights from the findings of this study to increase their employees’ OC. Theoretical implications and future research directions have been discussed.

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The link between disclosure of corporate information and the cost of equity in firms is one of the most important issues in finance. This paper aims to examine the connection between corporate governance, disclosure quality of information, and the cost of equity in Pakistani-listed (PSX-listed) firms. Using the Generalized Methods of Movements (Sys-GMM) model, a sample of 167 non-financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for the period of 2011-2015was analyzed. Sys-GMM estimation was applied to overcome the problem of endogeneity among corporate governance variables. To test the robustness of GMM estimations, we compared the results of pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) and fixed-effect estimations and found they did not overcome the problem of endogeneity, providing spurious results. We found a negative association between cost of equity and disclosure quality of financial statements. The findings suggested that the board size, concentrated ownership and CEO duality, are found as significant factors in reducing the cost of equity of PSX-listed firms. Audit committee independence and audit quality of the firm showed a positive relationship with the firm’s cost of equity. Our findings suggest that employing a high-quality auditor and independent director’s results in increased cost of equity for PSX-listed firms. Furthermore, no significant relationship between independence of the boards and duration of the authorizations of financial statements by the board of directors is found. The results also revealed the investors demand more return on their investments if inadequate and incomplete information is disclosed in the annual reports of the firms. This study provides useful insights for Pakistani corporate governance regulators, the executive management of Pakistani firms, and their investors.