No abstract

The cause of numerous illnesses are obesity, anxiety, and hypertension. Physical activity reduces the higher risks of factors associated with various cardiovascular diseases. Cycling is a prominent type of physical activity. Locals, as well as visitors, can perform cycling. It is important to motivate locals and visitors coming to National Parks to reduce car usage and enhance bike usage; this can be achieved by highlighting the associated health benefits and reduced risk of diseases. Past research has identified many methods to promote cycling usage by highlighting its advantages, such as reducing the effect of multiple diseases e.g. all-cause mortality, cancer mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity morbidity. This research, via literature review, identifies the health and wellbeing benefits. Additionally, it proposes a few strategies (healthy streets, kilometer allowances, and cycle superhighways), along with an implementation approach, to promote cycling within and around National Parks.

The inflow caused by tourists in peak seasons exerts an uncontrollable pressure on the existing infrastructure. The Ayubia National Park in Pakistan faces traffic delays and capacity restraints on the connecting roads in peak season. The study focuses on the formulation of critical strategies by deploying amendments in the transport network. The methodology contains three parts: 1) a questionnaire was designed to inquire about several variables from the visitors; 2) the second part was traffic count data collection and analysis. Based on the response collected, the impact of multiple strategies on the network was analyzed using TransCad; 3) in the third part, the results obtained were shared with experts to gain their valuable opinions. It was observed that the time of the day based access restriction to heavy vehicles could lead to dropping the Volume to capacity ratio from 1.7 to 1.2. However, The experts were also of the view that network changes can enhance and improve the visitors' experience.

No abstract