Neonates born to diabetic mothers babies are more prone to develop congenital anomalies and defects. Overall risk of development of congenital malformations increases by 2-12% compared to normal neonates. In Pakistan, the true prevalence of CHD is unknown. Objectives: To determine the frequency of congenital heart diseases in infants born to diabetic mothers (IDM). Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Pediatric Ward, Emergency and OPD, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: Six month after the approval of synopsis, August 16, 2017 to February 16, 2018. Material & Methods: Total 295 neonates born to diabetic mothers diagnosed presenting in neonatal unit were enrolled in study. Chest X-ray, electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography were done to identify CHDs. Results: Total 292 infants born to diabetic mother were selected. Mean age of the patients was 10.1±5.9 days. Of total, 189 (64.7%) were males and 103 (35.3%) were females. Out of 292 infants of diabetic mothers, 138(47.3%) were having various (CHD) and remaining 48(47.5%) were found normal after echocardiography. Conclusion: The cardiovascular system along with other systems of the body of neonates is affected in about 50% of the neonates born to diabetic mothers. Early diagnosis of CHD using a screening echocardiography is recommended to morbidity and mortality.

Objectives: To determine the relationship of etiology with the type ofcerebral palsy in children. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Setting: Department of Paediatrics, Allied Hospital,Faisalabad. Period: From January 2002 to December 2004. Patients and Methods: 120 children from 1-12 years ofage of either sex who presented in Paediatric Department with abnormalities of tone, posture and movement andsubsequently diagnosed as cerebral palsy on the basis of history, physical examination and investigations, wereincluded. Results: Out of 120 cases the majority had spastic CP, 72% (n = 86) such as quadriplegic, diplegic andhemiplegic types. The spastic quadriplegia was mainly associated with birth asphyxia and meningoencephalitis.Prematurity and low birth weight were the major contributors towards diplegic CP, while spastic hemiplegia althoughless common was caused by meningoencephalitis in 5 cases and intra cranial bleed and asphyxia in 3 cases each.Atonic or hypotonic CP found in 23 cases, were caused by meningoencephalitis, kernicterus, birth asphyxia andprematurity. 10 cases of atonic CP did not have any reason (hence idiopathic). Athetoid CP was mainly due tokernicterus, meningoencephalitis and asphyxia. Ataxic and mixed types of CP were present in 3 cases each and weredue to meningoencephalitis and birth asphyxia.