Orthodontic treatment is a form of treatment in dentistry that serves to improve mastication, phonetics, and aesthetics. Changes that occur during orthodontic treatment can be divided into three stages: stage 1, leveling and alignment; stage 2, working; stage 3, finishing. Dentoskeletal changes due to orthodontic treatment can be evaluated and analyzed by cephalometry. Cephalometric analysis can be analyzed using Steiner analysis. Steiner analysis is divided into three examinations, which is skeletal, dental and soft tissue. Aim: The aim of this study is to know facial profile changes after 6 months of fixed orthodontic treatment using the Steiner method, lateral cephalometric study at RSGM UMY. Methods: This type of research is a longitudinal prospective with a cohort study design. The population in this study were 7 people who performed lateral cephalometric radiographs with the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and obtained from the medical records of fixed orthodontic patients at RSGM UMY in March 2021. The sampling technique used in this study was total sampling. Data analysis used normality analysis using Saphiro Wilk and Wilcoxon test was performed because the data distribution was not normal. Result: There is no change in facial profile before and after 6 months of fixed orthodontic treatment at RSGM UMY.

Background: The use of fixed orthodontic appliances can change the vertical face due to the movement of the molars. A lateral cephalometric radiograph was used to assess the outcome of the treatment. Analysis of the vertical facial changes was performed by observing the changes of the MP-SN angle. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were differences in the vertical face before and after 6 months of fixed orthodontic treatment using the Steiner method. Methods: This study used a case-control design comparing groups before and after 6 months of fixed orthodontic treatment. The sample in this study amounted to 5 people. The vertical measurement of the face is carried out at the MP-SN angle, namely the angle formed by the MP (Mandibular Plane – Go-Gn) line and the SN (Sella-Nasion) line. The data analysis was performed with the program SPSS Version 25. Result: There were no significant changes in the study (p>0.05). The average change is 1.2º. Of the 5 patients, 4 patients (80%) experienced a decrease in MP-SN angle, while 1 patient (20%) experienced an increase in the MP-SN angle. Conclusion: There was no significant change in facial vertical changes before and after 6 months of fixed orthodontic treatment at RSGM UMY. The decrease in the MP-SN angle is caused by the intrusion of the molars which causes the mandible to rotate counterclockwise. The increase in the MP-SN angle is due to the distalization of the molars, resulting in a clockwise rotation of the mandible.

Orthodontic is one of the dental treatment that has a purpose to repair the position of teeth. For patient who wears fixed orthodontic appliance will have an enhancement of accumulation of plaque which caused by the diffulty of removing the plaque it self, with the result that higher risk of gingivitis may occur in patient using fixed orthodontic appliance. The purpose of this study is to give an overview of gingivitis in first year students of medical and health faculty who used fixed orthodontic appliance. Statistic method which is applied to analyze this study is descriptive data analysis test method. Index measurement that is used in this study is gingiva Loe and Silness Index (Gingivval Index). The result from this study is 89% of student who used fixed orthodontic appliance having lower risk of gingivitis criteria.

Objective: This paper aims to review the studies of the saliva analysis for forensic odontology purposes, starting from identifying the saliva stain and extracting the saliva sample. Methods: A literature review was performed using textbook (2016) and online search in scientific databases: PubMed®, ScienceDirect®, JDMFS online, EBSCOhost® (from 2002 to 2017). The studies generated were screened and selected by a single examiner based on the following criteria: full text articles with abstracts reporting on saliva and forensic odontology or personal identification and all articles are written in English. Results: From the articles gained by the author, the author found that saliva stain can be detected through many ways and can be extracted using single swab or double swab technique. Saliva analysis can be used to detect drug and hormone abuse, to detect intoxication, to identify suspects and victims of a crime or disaster, and also to identify bitemark's perpetrator. Conclusion: Saliva is a very useful diagnostic tool in forensic odontology. Its detection and analysis is very important in verifying the existence of a crime, in identifying suspects and victims of a crime, and in personal identification in mass disaster. Despite all the usefulness of saliva analysis, the existence of saliva in crime scene is often difficult to be confirmed, therefore it is better to combine more than one saliva stain identification tool to confirm.