Since 2008, Kuala Nerus has undergone rapid urbanization along its coastline, resulting in the loss of sand along the littoral zone. Due to the heavy erosion in 2012 at Tok Jembal beach that migrated to Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) beach in 2013, the Department of Irrigation and Drainage has implemented a coastal defence project to mitigate erosion by building a series of ripraps/revetments along the coasts. Additionally, breakwaters and groyne structures were built in combination with beach nourishment programme. For the sustenance of the local fishermen community, the Malaysia Public Works Department replaced one of the breakwaters to a jetty-type breakwater at Tok Jembal beach. Shoreline evaluations, beach profile measurements and numerical modelling were used in this present study to identify the effectiveness of combining the coastal defence and beach nourishment programmes. The combination of programmes successfully initiated the accretion of a ~30 m beach dune and created new beaches. However, erosion remains persistent in the beach that was unprotected and exposed directly to the South China Sea. We posit that a combination of coastal defence and beach nourishment programmes can potentially interrupt dynamic coastal processes, especially the current parameters.

Terengganu coast tend to dual monsoonal as presenting Northeast Monsoon (NEM) as a storm season and Southwest Monsoon (SWM) as a calm season. The area of interest is a groyne in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu on east part of Peninsular Malaysia. The use of numerical model was performed on the dual monsoon seasons with MIKE 21 modules (Spectral Wave FM and Flow Model Hydrodynamic FM modules). Two numerical model were set up according to the two season. The resulting model indicates, the current circulation pattern consisted of persistent eddy re-circulation in the lee of the groyne during both season. As the longshore current directed into the groyne, it deflected offshore resulting in rip current along the groyne. The rip current and incoming wave converge at the tip of the groyne and flow parallel to coastline before being projected onshore performing a re-circulation cell. During NEM, the model shows a clockwise re-circulation cell and counter-clockwise formation during SWM. The formation of the rip current and eddy circulation is associated with erosion event as the sediment transported offshore causing sediment shortage on the adjacent shore. The importance of this study can be a reference to any development of coastal defense monsoon dominated environment.