Water scarcity is a major challenge to wheat productivity under changing climate conditions, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. During recent years, different agronomic, physiological and molecular approaches have been used to overcome the problems related to drought stress. Breeding approaches, including conventional and modern breeding, are among the most efficient options to overcome drought stress through the development of new varieties adapted to drought. Growing drought-tolerant wheat genotypes may be a sustainable option to boost wheat productivity under drought stress conditions. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim to screen different wheat genotypes based on stress tolerance levels. For this purpose, eleven commonly cultivated wheat genotypes (V1 = Akbar-2019, V2 = Ghazi-2019, V3 = Ujala-2016, V4 = Zincol-2016, V5 = Anaj-2017, V6 = Galaxy-2013, V7 = Pakistan-2013, V8 = Seher-2006, V9 = Lasani-2008, V10 = Faisalabad-2008 and V11 = Millat-2011) were grown in pots filled with soil under well-watered (WW, 70% of field capacity) and water stress (WS, 35% of field capacity) conditions. Treatments were arranged under a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Data on yield and yield-related traits (tillers/plant, spikelets/spike, grains/spike, 100 grain weight, seed and biological yield) and physio-biochemical (chlorophyll contents, relative water content, membrane stability index, leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content) attributes were recorded in this experiment. Our results showed that drought stress significantly affected the morpho-physiological, and biochemical attributes in all tested wheat varieties. Among the genotypes, all traits were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in wheat genotype Faisalabad-2008, including biological yield (9.50 g plant−1) and seed yield (3.39 g plant−1), which was also proven to be more drought tolerant than the other tested genotypes. The higher biological and grain yield of genotype Faisalabad-2008 was mainly attributed to greater numbers of tillers/plant and spikelets/spike compared to the other tested genotypes. The wheat genotype Galaxy-2013 had significantly lower biological (7.43 g plant−1) and seed yield (2.11 g plant−1) than all other tested genotypes, and was classified as a drought-sensitive genotype. For the genotypes, under drought stress, biological and grain yield decreased in the order V10 > V2 > V1 > V4 > V7 > V11 > V9 > V8 > V3 > V6. These results suggest that screening for drought-tolerant genotypes may be a more viable option to minimize drought-induced effects on wheat in drought-prone regions.

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Mating disruption through sex pheromone is a very important technique in integrated pest management (IPM) of pink bollworm in cotton. Present study was carried out during 2020 and 2021 at farm area of cotton Research Station, Faisalabad, Pakistan to check the effectiveness of PB-Rope L (sex pheromone) against pink bollworm. PB-Rope L were tied to the cotton sticks @ 240/hectare at pin square stage. The block where PB-Rope were installed showed significantly lower pink bollworm moth catches as compared with control block. Mean percent reduction in moth catches was observed 68.24 and 72.52% over control during consecutive years. Minimum mean percent green boll damage was observed in block-A i.e., 4.16 and 3.98% as compared with control block-B (12.47 and 13.42%), with percent reduction 66.64 and 70.34% during both years of study. The block treated with PB-Ropes showed significantly less population (5.42 and 6.70 larvae per 50 green bolls) as compared with control block without PB-Ropes (11.69 and 13.47 larvae per 50 green bolls). The percent reduction in larval population was recorded 53.64 and 50.26% as compared to control treatment during consecutive years. Significantly low mean percent damage was recorded in left over bolls and higher yield was also recorded in PB-ropes plot as compared to control plot.

<p>Curriculum and instruction material are considered fundamental tools in ELT throughout the world. Consideration of utmost significance of the curriculum requires its evaluation process for measuring its effectiveness in facilitating teaching/learning objectives. The present study is an attempt to evaluate grade six English curriculum of Beaconhouse School System. To the end, features based on the objectives of the curriculum were evaluated to determine whether learning of language, listening, reading, speaking, and writing, vocabulary and understanding of grammar, literature (both fictional and non-fictional), personal understanding and global perspective, composition and presentation skills, punctuation, spelling, handwriting, critical thinking, cultural identity and interdisciplinary links with other subjects have their particular relevance to the curriculum, textbook and the workbook used at this level. The evaluation was carried out through a checklist specifically designed to meet the situation to find out whether the curriculum and related course books are based on curriculum objectives. The present study is both qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative aspects were analyzed by careful assessment of course book through checklist items. The quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS 13.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) which revealed the results that except few, curriculum was effectively facilitating the attainment of most of its teaching/learning objectives.</p>