Purpose of the study: This research is focused on examining the impact of Covid-19 on societal social cohesion. Furthermore, the role of Muslim communities in tackling the challenges has also been investigated in detail. Methodology: The discussed research is conducted by detailed analysis of the related literature. This paper is thus based upon the secondary data gathered from different sources including newspapers, articles published in journals, books, and reports from diverse non-governmental, and governmental organizations. Main Findings: The biggest challenge for the globe at this crucial time is isolation and social distancing as it has impacted the world at a large level. Social interaction is vital for human existence, and its absence leads to stressed, anxious, and depressed life. Also, it hampers the economic growth of the state. Muslim communities have been afflicted with various difficulties in the context of their religious matters due to this pandemic. They have even paused their major religious tasks like Pilgrimage, congregations, and Namaz-e-Jummah to prevent the people from deadly consequences of the pandemic. Applications of this study: This study can be useful in examining the impacts of COVID-19 disease on social cohesion. Furthermore, it can be used in understanding the concept of Social cohesion according to the point of view of the Quran and Sunnah. Additionally, it aids in exploring the steps taken by the Islamic world in tackling this disease and its impacts on social togetherness. The originality of this study: This is a comprehensive study on the impacts brought about by Covid-19 on social cohesion. Also, the role played by Muslim societies in handling the social challenges imposed by Covid-19 is the focus of this study. Moreover, this study encompasses the Islamic way and guidance by Quran and Sunnah to tackle the pandemic situations.

in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com).The development of a mathematical model for simulating the blowdown of pressurized hydrocarbon conveying pipelines under fire attack is described. The model is based on the resolution of the conservation equations using the method of characteristics. It accounts for real fluid behavior, pipeline mechanical strength, as well as phase and flow dependent transient heat transfer effects, and frictional pressure losses. Failure is assumed to occur when any one of the simulated triaxial thermal and pressure stresses in the pipeline wall exceed its ultimate tensile strength. The application of the model to a hypothetical example involving localized fire attack on an isolated natural gas pipeline reveals that the pipeline fails because of large thermal stresses on the outer surface in addition to the internal pressure stresses. The efficacy of emergency depressurization using different diameter relief valves as a means of protecting the pipeline mechanical integrity during fire attack is also quantitatively investigated.

Terrorists use violence to create fear. Comprehending why terrorists kill innocent civilians is crucial to understanding the situation. The current discussion on ‘root causes' focuses on identifying a terrorist's anti-civilization motivations. But the debate over what motivates a terrorist misses the circumstances that enable terrorism. To reduce the number of terrorists, it is vital to identify their enablers and root causes. Terrorism's purpose will take a decade or more to decrease, and its capabilities will need continual attention. Radicalism shares several values. It was a happy, tranquil, prosperous period. Fundamentalists believe that change comes from above, and hence support force and coercion above democracy and popular will. So, the structure isn't democratic. One for every fanatical. Armed forces toppled progressive anti-imperialist leader Ahmed Soekarno in 1964, slaughtering communists posing as American imperialism. In 1973, General Pinochet killed Chile's first elected socialist president, Silva Durlande. Forcing martial rule in Pakistan and deposing Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, fundamentalists supported General Zia-ul-Haq. Extremism and fanaticism yield their fruit. Our religious seminaries teach the same mindset that is spread by Islamic groups and religious politicians, which has produced the present position for Islam and Muslims worldwide. However, what is the right Islam? If there is a religious riot in Muslim culture, it is not the preaching of secularism, but a religious counter narrative that may bring peace. ۔ Keywords: Radicalization, Emerging trends, Solution, Islam, Pakistan

Islam is the true religion of peace, reconciliation, and harmony, which primarily deals with the sanctity of human beings without discrimination of religion, creed, and ethnic group. The subject of Divine Commandments is humanity which can be derived from the address of Allah almighty in the Holy Quran "O people' 'The Holy Prophet Muhammad SAWW said, "The best among people who is the source of benefit for the whole humanity". Pakistan has been facing the challenge of extremists and terrorism since 9/11 and has sacrificed thousands of lives in the war on terror. Despite greater securitization, surveillance, examining, and numerous counterterrorism measures, the problem appears to worsen rather than improve. While there may be success stories of terror plans being stopped and radicals being funneled into De-radicalization programs, the tragic reality is that innumerable young people continue to be exposed to extremist propaganda, mainly through social media. In this paper, I have elaborated Islamic perspective on counterterrorism with the help of divine commandments and a rational approach that Universalism and moderation are what Islam stands for. It is a religion of peace, protection, and human rights; there is no room for oppression and injustice in Islam. In the second phase of a research paper, I have analyzed the academic contributions of Muslim Thinkers to encounter extremism and terrorism. I have also highlighted the narrative of the Paigham-I-Pakistan joint declaration of scholars of various schools of thought to create harmony and peace in the country.

The aim of this research was related to Islamic studies which reflect the historical information coupled with religious and cultural studies along with philosophical opinions. Due to Islamophobia, the real and appropriate picture of Islam is distorted so the focus of the current study was on the related improvement that supports and stimulates the real picture of Islam in the world. Therefore, the study aimed to examine the Islamophobia hatred, and violence against Muslim communities in the west and the real picture of Islam. For this purpose, the data collected was qualitative, such that secondary data was critically analysed by the tool of content analysis. It was analysed that the concept of Islamophobia had originated in the 19th century and this term in the early 20th century had been redefined. Islamophobia was a new practice of racism where judgments and discriminations are focused and targeted on the religious community, also known as ‘cultural racism’. Anti-Muslim sentiments had experienced a rapid rise in the west over the past few decades. Post 9/11 era had led to a global shift, racism towards Muslims was observed in fields like education, economy, labor market, and international relations. Moreover, anti-veil campaigns and the killing of immigrants were another outcomes of the Islamophobia mindset in the west. Moreover, it had been found in the findings that the events like 9/11 and the continuous conflicts in the Middle East had a destabilizing impact on Muslims as well as western countries. Due to which this Islamophobia attitudes are on the rise in western culture. It was recommended that for Muslims to continue there was a need to spread the real teachings of the peaceful religion Islam in their social circles.