The complex containing manganese(II), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) as ligand and trifluoroacetate (TFA) as counter anion has been prepared and characterized. The electrical equivalent conductance, metal content, and TGA-DTA analysis suggests the complex to be [Mn(phen) 3 ](TFA) 2 .1.35H 2 O. The magnetic moment was found to be normal high-spin paramagnetic for 5 unpaired electrons in the electron configuration of manganese(II). The electronic spectral bands indicates the five posible spin-forbidden transitions of sextet ground state to quartet excited states. The IR spectral data signify the mode of vibrations typical for phenanthroline as well as TFA, while the images of SEM-EDX photographs confirm the existence of the coresponding elemental content, they reflect high crystalinity of the complex as evidence of the sharp peaks of the corresponding powdered diffractogram. The analysis of powder XRD refined by Le Bail program was found to be structurally triclinic symmetry of P Ι for the cationic complex with the cell

Several attempts have been conducted to improve the mechanical properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), including the addition of various nanoparticle materials such as silver and titania. The smaller the added material, the higher the material’s ability to fill the cavity of MTA, thus increasing the tensile strength of MTA after hydration. In this study, the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) concentration and titania (TiO2) mass variation on the tensile strength of MTA was investigated. The ratio of MTA mass to AgNP volume used was 1 g to 330 μL, while TiO2 was added to MTA powder in a solid-solid state with a mass variation. The results show that the addition of AgNP and TiO2 to MTA powder can significantly increase the tensile strength of MTA from 0.404±0.125 to 1.044±0.021 and 1.378±0.391 MPa for 1.5% Ag and 0.5% TiO2, respectively.

White mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) was successfully synthesized using silica from rice husk ash (RHA) and precipitate calcium carbonate (PCC) from limestone. Silica was synthesized from rice husk ash by the sol-gel method with the help of a strong base NaOH to obtain sodium silicate solution. In contrast, PCC in the calcite structure was extracted from limestone by a carbonation method. The limestone powder sample was calcined at 900 °C for 3 hours, dissolved in 0.8 M nitric acid solution, and was followed by carbonation for 60 minutes. The synthesis of WMTA was carried out by mixing silica, PCC, bismuth oxide, aluminum oxide, NH3 solution catalysts and treating the mixture thermally at 950 °C for 3 hours. Products were characterized by Fourtier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the RHA silica had an amorphous phase that peaked at 2θ= 22°, but the background intensity was irregular. The PCC obtained through isolation from limestone is predominantly calcite structure. WMTA has been successfully synthesized by thermal treatment at 950 °C using NH3 solution catalyst, as evidenced by the presence of tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium aluminate (C3A), and Bi2O3.