Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is famous among all fruits because of its taste, variety and color. However, the quality of mango fruits is mainly deteriorated by insect-pests complex. The study was performed to evaluate bagging effects on insect-pests complex, yield and quality of mango fruits at private mango orchards located in Multan district. A mango cultivar, Anwar Rataul was selected, and the fruits were bagged during 1st week of May (at stone size stage) to 1st week of July 2017 (at maturity stage). The results indicated that the attack of fruit flies and other insect-pests complex were zero in bagged fruits. It was further recorded that the maximum average fruit weight i.e. 203.50 g was noted in those where butter paper bag was wrapped as compared with brown paper bagged fruits having 197.83 g and un-bagged fruits with 159.50 g per fruit. However, brown paper bag resulted in better fruit color development. Similarly, average fruit lengths were greater i.e. 91.33 and 90.18 mm in butter paper and brown paper bagged fruits, respectively as compared to 85.33 mm in un-bagged fruits. Bagged fruits had higher total soluble solids and slightly lower titratable acidity as compared to un-bagged fruits. Further, bagged fruits had no cracks, sunburn, mechanical injury, bird damage, skin blemishes and agrochemical residues. So, it is concluded that fruit bagging on mango cv. Anwar Rataul trees at stone size stage proved to be an effective practice against insect-pests complex and for quality production of fruits for export purposes.

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The current study revealed the potential release of mycoproteins of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae and their lethal effects on B. zonata. After inoculation and precipitation of crude proteins in 95% (NH4)2SO4 at 25° C, the crude samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE. The gel electrophoresis analysis revealed the presence of low molecular weight bands of 11kDa and 25kDa proteins from B. bassiana and M. anisopliae respectively. The pathogenicity of mycoproteins from B. bassiana and M. anisopliae was evaluated when second instar larvae, 3day old pupae and 3day old adults were subjected to protein concentrations. The larval bioassays revealed that significant maximum mortality of 73.3±3.3 and 86.6±3.3 was recorded at interval of 7 days when fed @ 10µl/g of Bb and Ma proteins respectively. Low adult emergence of 33.3±4 and 37.5±5.3 was observed when 3day old pupae were treated with proteins @ 30µl of Bb and Ma at an interval of 10 day. Low mortality of 38.0±3.7 and 48.0±5.8 was recorded when 3day old adults (♂and♀) were exposed to 30 μl protein from Bb and Ma at an interval of 10 days respectively. The findings of the study conclude the production of proteins and their pathogenic effects. The melanization of the larval tissues, abnormal adult emergence and deformation in wing structures were found symptomatic after ingestion of the proteins. However, the purification process of these proteins, their persistence with respect to environmental regimes and their evaluation under the field condition further are needed to be investigated.