There are five species of deer (family Cervidae) living in Indonesia today. Male deer possesses antlers, a unique character of male deer. Antlers have economic values for quite a long time. Antler’s growth is influenced by several factors, therefore each species of deer have its own unique antlers’ shape and size. Antler’s identification usually relies on size measurement and overall shape of complete antlers which still attach to the skull. It is difficult to identify shed, broken or individual antler. The purpose of the research is to understand antlers’ morphological characters on each species to become diagnostic characters. Specimens analysed were collections of LIPI and were analysed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using PAST3 software. The results showed each species of deer having their own unique antlers’ character, and so it can be used to determine the species of Indonesian deer. The important structures for identification are relief, pedicle, brow, bez, and main beam.

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Chital is a native animal from South Asia. Chital had been introduced to many countries, including Indonesia. Chital was first introduced to Indonesia in 1811 at Bogor Palace and since had been kept captive around Indonesia. Currently, no research had been done concerning the genetic variation of Indonesian chital. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyze genetic variation and phylogenetic relationship of chital from Pusat Inovasi Agroteknologi Universitas Gadjah Mada (PIAT UGM), Prambanan Temple, Gembira Loka Zoo, and Bogor Palace, based on mitochondrial D-loop fragment. This study used a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. DNA was extracted from faecal samples and amplified with L15995 and H16498 primers. The analysis used for this research were genetic variations, haplotype networking, and phylogenetic relationships between populations. This study detected 5 haplotypes out of 20 sequences with 10 polymorphic sites and 2 indels. The haplotype diversity and the nucleotide diversity were 0.443 and 0.002 respectively, and the genetic distance was between 0 and 2.03% (average 0.55%). This research also showed one main haplotype, labelled as haplotype 1, which consisted of all individuals from PIAT and Prambanan Temple, four individuals from Bogor Palace, and one individual from Gembira Loka. This grouping proves that the majority of chital population in Indonesia came from Bogor Palace. One individual from Gembira Loka has a considerable genetic divergence from the rest of the samples, which might indicate it originated from a different source population.

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