This study describes the methodology of creating Semi - Artificial City Cycle (SACC), which can be used for emission tests of road vehicles; sustainability of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV); or emission inventories of the city. This methodology uses the half-hour frequency traffic data of Istanbul to calculate the average speeds and travel distances of urban, rural and highway segments. Then, calculated average data convert into instantaneous time—velocity distribution by random time—speed values, which are appropriate for acceleration/deceleration of real-world driving. In addition, in this study, the obtained artificial cycles and the regulation cycle are modelled in the AVL Cruise software to compare, and the driving dynamics of the city are examined. The SACC has different acceleration/deceleration distribution, average driving speeds, trips and travel times than regulation tests. However, according to the simulation results, the same fuel consumption and CO2 emission factors are obtained with the regulation test, except for the highway segment.

Regulations limiting the exhaust gas emissions since the EURO I emission standards, which was put into effect in 1992, have entered a new period since 2017 and require Real Driving Emission (RDE) tests as well as laboratory tests. Laboratory tests are carried out to determine basically fuel consumption and CO2 emissions, and are aimed to determine other driving emission factors by RDE test. However, the route created to perform RDE test must meet certain boundary conditions and remain within certain limits in terms of its dynamic behaviour. According to Moving Average Window (MAW) method, these limits are determined with ±25% tolerances of CO2 emission factors obtained from the WLTC test. However, since the MAW method ignores idling conditions (vehicle speed lower than 1 km/h) and uses linear equations for the CO2 characteristic curve, it can lead to misinterpretation of RDE dynamic conditions. Therefore, in this study, a new methodology has been introduced in order to overcome these deficiencies. Two different RDE test samples were collected using Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) and trip dynamic conditions were examined using both MAW method suggested by the regulations and Speed Binning Averaged Emission (SBAE) method, the methodology introduced in this study. Completeness and normality values of each method are calculated to determine the conformity of the test route. As a result, while the tests are assumed complete and normal according to SBAE method, only the first test is normal, although both tests are considered complete, by means of MAW method.

Due to the poor representation of NEDC emission test, the European Commission put into the force a new procedure, which contains both a laboratory test and a real word driving test. In this new test procedure, even though WLTC replaces NEDC, it is required to test the vehicle under real traffic conditions, which contains urban, rural and highway segments. Due to the new emission regulation, considerable number of academic work focus on the creation of RDE (Real Driving Emission) routes and RDE tests. In this study, it is introduced a new methodology for creating potential RDE routes. The routes, created in MATLAB code by using Istanbul road data containing a half an hour average trip records were used to predict a probable RDE test road. This model creates a number of RDE routes starting from defined coordinates and then analyses all alternative routes with respect to traffic flow rate and RDE boundary conditions identified by the European Commission. The routes obtained using the methodology developed are tested in real life conditions and evaluated according to actual existing traffic conditions.