Iron deficiency is the most common type of malnutrition worldwide and is a major health problem, especially in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization, 30% of children aged 0-4 and 48% of children aged 5-14 in developing countries are anemic. 5 The laboratory tests frequently used in determining iron deficiency include hemoglobin (Hgb), MCV, serum iron, ferritin, and total iron binding capacity (TIBC). Among these parameters, TIBC increases in iron deficiency while the others decrease. 6 Methods The study was conducted between June 2015 and June 2016. Ethics committee approval was obtained from Regional Education and Research Hospital (2016/1-3). After informed about the study, informed consent was taken from all participants.

Objective: Tonsillectomy is the most commonly performed operation in otolaryngological clinics. There are many possible complications. We explored the incidence of hemorrhage, which is the most important complication because it can result in death. Method:We included 83 pediatric patients who underwent tonsillectomies in a second-level state hospital. We retrospectively reviewed patients who developed postoperative bleeding.Results: Forty-five patients were male and thirty-eight were female (mean age 8.2 years). Bleeding after tonsillectomy developed in five patients. All bleeding was secondary (after the first 24 h). Four cases developed in summer and one in winter. All hemorrhages were chemically cauterized using a silver nitrate rod under local anesthesia. No additional interventions were required. Conclusion:Post-tonsillectomy hemorrhage in a rural area was caused by extreme heat. Thus, tonsillectomy is best performed in spring and autumn if possible.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA), a rare type of tumor that occurs most frequently in adolescent males, is difficult to treat. The relationship between JNA and certain biomolecules has been the subject of a great deal of research conducted over a long period. This review summarizes the research on the etiopathogenesis of JNA.

The neck is anatomically complex, and incisions in this region commonly result in cosmetic complaints. Surgeons have worked to reduce the size of incisions used in the neck region through the use of ancillary instruments. One of these instruments, the Da Vinci Robotic System, is able to reach the neck using a wide variety of approaches. These approaches were first pioneered in thyroid and parathyroid surgeries. The most commonly used approach in robotic parathyroid surgery is transaxillary. We conducted a literature search to analyze the areas of use, advantages, and disadvantages of robotic transaxillary parathyroid surgery. The transaxillary approach does not create a scar in the neck region and significantly improves cosmetic outcomes for the patient, compared with conventional parathyroid surgery.

European Journal of Rhinology and Allergy (Eur J Rhinol Allergy) is an international, scientific, open access periodical published in accordance with independent, unbiased, and double-blinded peer-review principles. The journal is the official online-only publication of Turkish Rhinologic Society and published triannually in April, August, and December. The publication language of the journal is English. European Journal of Rhinology and Allergy aims to contribute to the international literature by publishing original clinical and experimental research articles, case reports, review articles, technical notes, and letters to the editor in the field of rhinology and allergy. The journal's target audience are, researchers, physicians and healthcare professionals who are interested or working in the field of rhinology and allergy.