The main purpose of this study is to focus on the concept of economic growth with special reference to the case of Turkey, relies on an approach from the perspective of participation banks and conventional banks to examine the institution of banking and economic growth. Using quarterly data for the period of 2006-2017, the study uses the loan volumes of the conventional and participation banks in order to measure the impact of GDP representing economic growth and of the banks upon the financial system. The series are tested for stationarity via ADF unit root test and then their structural breakpoints are identified by using Zivot-Andrews test. Then Johansen cointegration and Granger causality test are applied. As the result, no trace of cointegration correlation is identified in the long term between the variables subjected to Johansen cointegration test. The causality correlation of the variables is tested via Granger causality test. Although it can be said that there is one-directional causality correlation as reverse for conventional banks, there is no bidirectional causality correlation between the variables for the participation banks in the long term.

Clarifying the factors for continually increasing income inequality is important to maintain fairness. This study, seeking to fulfil this objective, examines nine developed countries for the period of 2005-2015 and five developing countries for the period of 2003-2013. Utilizing panel data techniques, the study finds that where the price level of per capita investment is dependent variable of income distribution in developing countries, it exhibits a 5 pct-significance correlation. The real interest rate has no significant effect upon the income distribution variable. In developed countries, the human capital and real interest rate variable has a significant effect upon income distribution. Increase in human capital makes the income distribution fairer whereas increase in the real interest rate disrupts income equality.

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