The water pollution is one of the major environmental problems that which suffered in rivers at Diyala governorate when the untreated waste or partially treated is disposed to rivers. In this study the effect of five sources of raw waste water distributed along Diyala River on the dissolved oxygen sag curve behavior was investigated for selected reach of river when passing Baquba city in Iraq. Dissolved oxygen sag curve tested by using Streeter and Phelps model during summer season Jun, 2018. The study results showed that there was an accumulative effect by decreasing in dissolved oxygen due to these five sources. The dissolved oxygen in the river being below 4 mg/L after the fifth source and continues for (99.4 Km) distance, this point located before river mouth with Tigris River by about 3.4 Km. Dissolved oxygen declined to its critical value after 45Km from first source with maximum deficit. According to the model calculation, Diyala River decants in Tigris River with low limit of dissolved oxygen by about 4.1 mg/L if there were no another sources downstream the observed sources and before achieving its self purification required distance. Also, biochemical oxygen demand was greater than 4 mg/L before river meeting the sources and increased gradually to be greater than 10 mg/L after the fifth source and the temperature increased by about 4 °C.

Infrastructure services are closely related to human life and development, as they are an essential indicator of the progress of life in countries. Infrastructure projects including the water sector are indeed the backbone of a country's economic development, providing many social, economic and environmental benefits. This paper aims to study the existing infrastructure (water sector) in Diyala Governorate, analyse the available data, prepare indicators of deficit ratios according to international standards, and propose possible solutions to address the problems in this sector. Data were collected for the water sector, which included the quantities of potable water supplied for the past eleven years. The results showed that the deficit rate in the water sector amounted to 32% in 2021, as evidenced by the deficit rates and the presence of clear deficiencies in the water sector in Diyala Governorate, and this deficiency does not result only from lack of availability, but rather due to a weak planning vision and the absence of future plans that take into account the increase in the governorate population. The results of predicting using simple linear regression using the Spss program version 26 showed that the demand for drinking water will reach 554,354 m³ per day in 2035. Three plans have been proposed to address the current deficit and future demand in the water sector, which is a short-term   plan extending from 2022 to 2025, addressing 50% of the current deficit in 2021; A medium-term plan extending from 2022 to 2027 addresses the current deficit once and for all, and a long-term plan extending from 2022 to 2035 addresses the current deficit and future demand in the water sector.

This research is an experimental investigation on the hydraulic performance of the combined hydraulic jump and plunge pool stilling basin operating under high head for Makhool Dam. Two series of tests are carried out; the first series are on the model as it is designed, while the second series are on a modified model by adding two rows of chute blocks.            (81) Experiments are performed on both models. The results indicated that for the first model the stilling basin length can be reduced and there is negative pressure at the beginning of the jump on the sloping apron with high turbulence and unstable water surface. After adding the chute blocks, the tests of the second model indicated that the stilling basin length can be reduced and all pressures are positive with reasonably stable water surface as well as lower turbulence. Therefore, chute blocks are recommended to be added

Within the early stages of construction project planning, resources restrictions are often neglected. Usually this leads to cost and schedule overruns. Moreover, the adoption of resources restricted project planning may lead to a complex optimization problem. Thus engineers should focus on resources-based project planning for more schedule efficiency. Nevertheless, the integration with traditional methods as the PERT (program evaluation and review technique) or the CPM (critical path method), can improve schedule reliability significantly in project failures due to insufficient resource allocation. Potential applications of resource-restricted project scheduling for construction project planning are revealed with some suggestions on the integration of this approach into traditional planning methods are made. For overlapping both, traditional planning methods as well as resource-based planning models, knowledge transferred from production planning to project planning by applying a hierarchical approach. Analyses of multi planning problems in construction projects are undertaken and the roles of the generalized resource-restricted project scheduling model and selected extensions within construction project planning are discussed

This research is an experimental investigation on the pressure distribution  along the surface of Makhool Dam spillway. The work is carried out as series of tests; these series are on the model as it is designed.  (17) Piezometers are fixed along the spillway surface and (4)discharges are performed on the model. The results indicated that the pressure distribution is reduced with the increase  of the discharge and it is increasing with the decrease of the discharge, and there are two regions of negative pressure; the first at the ogee curve and the second at the end of the  sloping straight line after ogee curve, so the slope of the horizontal surface of spillway can  be reduced or change the ogee formula to prevent the cavitations' problems.