Yora M, Syukur M, Sobir. 2018. Characterization of phytochemicals and yield components in various okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) genotypes. Biodiversitas 19: 2323-2328. Okra is a group of vegetable and medicinal plants possessing various health benefits. This plant has different shapes, colors and nutritional content. In Indonesia, this plant has not been widely cultivated, because the socialization and information of okra benefits to the Indonesian people are still limited. The aims of this study were to analyze phytochemicals, anthocyanins and carotene content, and to analyze the correlation among okra genotypes based on their morphological characters. This study was conducted from September 2017 to January 2018, using Complete Randomized Group Design with three replications and 13 genotypes namely PB01Nai, PB02Zah, PB03Clem, PB04Stri, PB13-293, PB05-291, PB06-004, PB07-127, PB08P1, PB09P2, PB10-MC, PB11-069, and PB12-OR. The observation was made on the variables of phythochemical, anthocyanin, carotene, chlorophyll and yield components on okra fruit. The results showed that all okra fruits have steroid phytochemical content and some of them had phytochemical content of Saponin and Tanin. Based on the carotene and chlorophyll analysis of 13 okra fruit genotypes, it showed that PB11-069 genotype contained the highest carotene and chlorophyll contents. While okra fruit having the highest anthocyanin content was PB05-291. The results of cluster analysis showed that okra was clustered into three color groups. The anthocyanin content found in okra fruit does not correlated with the yield component variable. Chlorophyll-α, β, and total chlorophyll are positively correlated to carotene in okra fruit and variable number of fruits. The character of number and weight per plant greatly influences the determination of the selection process. Accordingly, the characters can be used as a selection character so as to produce a high yield okra containing high chlorophyll and carotene contents.
Kegiatan PKM (Program Kemitraan Masyarakat) telah dilaksanakan dengan lancar di Kelompok Tani Malereng Indah dan Kelompok Tani Batu Tonggok yang terletak di jorong Gando. Kelompok Tani sudah cukup lama membudidayakan tanaman cabai namun ditemukan banyak permasalah yang menyebabkan redahnya produktivitas tanaman cabai, diataranya : 1) Kurangnya pengetahuan tentang teknik budidaya cabai yang benar diantaranya pengendalian penyakit dan pemupukan. Penyakit yang sangat merugikan petani adalah penyakit kuning keriting yang menyebabkan turunnya produksi cabai secara signifikan. 2) Kurangnya pengetahuan tentang penerapan teknologi sederhana pada budidaya cabai, seperti pemanfaatan asam salisilat, penggunaan mulsa, pembuatan dan penggunaan pupuk organik cair, penggunaan Eco Enzym. 3) Kurangnya pengetahuan tentang manajemen usaha tani dan pemasaran. Kegiatan PKM dilaksanakan dengan metode sosialisasi dan pelatihan serta pembinaan. Di kebun percontohan diterapkan aplikasi asam salisilat, pupuk organik cair, Eco Enzym, dan pemanfaatan mulsa organik dan mulsa plastik hitam perak. Dari kegiatan yang dilakukan diperoleh peningkatan keterampilan petani dalam budidaya cabai dan di dalam manajemen usahatani cabai. Dapat dilihat dari pertumbuhan tanaman cabai yang lebih baik, karena labih tahan terhadap penyakit kuning keriting. Dari pengamatan di lokasi, diketahui bahwa tanaman yang telah terserang penyakit kuning keriting dapat kembali pulih dan tumbuh normal dengan penyemprotan asam salisilat. POC yang diberikan juga meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman cabai. Secara umum kegiatan PKM memberikan pengaruh positif terhadap usahatani cabai petani mitra.
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench.) is high nutrition compound potential for diabetes and alzheimer. Yield is one of the characters have to improve in plant breeding program through stomatal characterization. The variability for 14 genotypes showed significantly for stomatal length, stomatal width, epidermal cell number, chloroplast number, stomatal number, stomatal index and stomatal density. Stomatal density for P2 was 256.80 mm 2 that was non significant with Zahira (265.31 mm 2 ) and Naila (204.08 mm 2 ). Genotypes P2, Zahira and Naila showed low stomatal density that mean efficiency for water management in leaves. The high stomatal index causing high photosynthesis and high yield. Stomatal index were high for genotypes P1 (40.31) and P2 (35.69). Naila has low stomatal index but Zahira as significant as genotype P2. ABSTRAKOkra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench.) merupakan sumber nutrisi yang berpotensi untuk menurunkan resiko penyakit diabetes dan alzheimer. Perakitan varietas okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench.) diarahkan kepada peningkatan produktivitas, Evaluasi sifat-sifat unggul dari aksesi okra diperlukan sebagai sumber informasi pengembangan suatu bahan tanam melalui observasi morfologi stomata. Evaluasi keragaman stomata empat belas genotipe okra menunjukkan bahwa genotipe okra yang diuji berpengaruh sangat nyata pada karakter panjang stomata, diameter stomata, jumlah epidermis, jumlah kloroplas, jumlah stomata, index stomata dan kerapatan stomata pada taraf alpa 1%. Kerapatan stomata tetua P2 mencapai 256.80 mm 2 dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan genotipe Zahira (265.31 mm 2 ) dan Naila (204.08 mm 2 ). Tetua P2, Zahira dan Naila memiliki kerapatan stomata yang rendah sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi penggunanaan air. Index stomata yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan fotosintesis dan hasil produksi. Nilai index stomata genotipe tetua P1 (40.31) dan P2 (35.69) tinggi. Genotipe Naila memiliki index stomata rendah (28.37), sedangkan genotipe Zahira (36.96) tidak berbeda nyata dengan tetua P2.Kata kunci : genotipe, index, kerapatan, Naila, Zahira PENDAHULUAN Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. (Moench.) merupakan sumber protein, lemak, serat dan mineralmineral dibutuhkan oleh tubuh, yaitu kalium, natrium, magnesium, kalsium, besi, dan seng terutama pada bagian biji. Biji okra sangat baik diolah menjadi sereal sarapan. Biji
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