The purpose of this study it to investigate the impact of monetary policy announcements by Central Bank of the Turkish Republic (CBRT) on market interest rates via micro variables on interest rates. In this context, this study investigated the relationship between monetary policy announcements and market interest rates for 2011:01-2015:10 term using GARCH model. The estimates have indicated that monetary policy announcements have different impacts on interest rate volatilities when distinguished as decisions on increasing, decreasing or fixing interest rates. It was found that contractionary monetary policy announcements have different impacts on market interest rates volatilities analyzed in the present study, while expansionary monetary policy announcements decrease the volatility on market interest rates. On the other hand, the announcements towards fixing the monetary policy increases the interest rate ISSN 2162-4860 2017 http://ber.macrothink.org 300 volatility of market interest rates. The results of the analysis also indicated that deposit interest rate weighted up to one year are affected the least by the monetary policy changes. Business and Economic Research

Varlık fiyatlarındaki keskin artışların finansal piyasalarda oluşturduğu balonlar büyük ölçüde volatiliteden kaynaklanmaktadır. Günümüz küresel finans düzeninde, finansal varlıkların günden güne ön plana çıkması finansal varlıklıkların fiyatlarında aşırı şişkinlik yaratmakta ve reel ekonomiyi zorlamaktadır. Öte yandan aşırı şişkin fiyatlara sahip finansal varlıkların oluşturduğu balonların patlaması da ekonomik istikrarı tehdit eder hale gelmektedir. Bu bağlamda, finansal gidişatta günlük dalgalanmaların yansıması niteliğindeki döviz piyasalarında balonların varlığının analizi ve tespiti daha önemli hale gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, 2005:01 ile 2018:11 dönemi için USD/TL ve EURO/TL döviz kuru verilerinden hareketle, Türkiye döviz piyasalarında balonunun var olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, balonların varlığının tespit edilmesi için Genelleştirilmiş SADF (GSADF) testi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Türkiye döviz piyasasında USD/TL ve EURO/TL döviz kurlarında spekülatif balonların oluştuğunu destekleyen güçlü ampirik kanıtlar olduğunu göstermektedir.

The acceleration of capital transfers between countries after globalization has increased the importance of foreign direct investments in developing countries. Lack of capital in developing countries such as Turkey, constitute obstacles to investment. In this context, foreign direct investments that will come to the country are important in terms of eliminating the negativities caused by the lack of capital. Foreign direct investments are affected by many factors. One of them is the country's geopolitical risk. In this study, it is aim to investigate the impact of geopolitical risk on foreign direct investment in Turkey by using ARDL Bound Test for the 1998-2018 period. In addition to the geopolitical risk, real exchange rate, labor force, real GDP and savings that affect foreign direct investments were also included in the study. According to the analysis re-sults obtained, while geopolitical risk and labor force had a negative effect on FDI; real GDP, real exchange rate and savings have and positive effect on FDI.

In general, one of the most important economic problems in all economies, especially in the E-7 countries, is low employment. In this sense, it is of great importance to adopt policies to increase employment in these countries. In this context, the relationship between employment and investment in renewable energy is analysed with the help of "Panel ARDL Method PMG Estimator" using the data set for the period 2000-2019 for E-7 countries. The study includes fixed asset investment, economic growth, inflation, and total labour force in addition to renewable energy investment in the analysis. The result of the analysis: it was found that renewable energy investment, economic growth, and fixed investment have a positive effect on employment, while total labour force and inflation have a negative effect.

After the 1980s, the neo-liberal economic policies of the Washington Consensus paradigm revealed by the market mechanism have become the dominant system. The globalization process of the world economy and the policies highlighted the concept of financialization. The balance shifted from production to finance in the financialization process and financial capital accumulation has become dominant and, local markets were opened to international capital flows. Thus the financial markets, the size of the institutions and processes have shown a significant increase in the entire world, particularly in the developed countries. This article aims to empirically explore the effects of financialization in the developed countries. For this purpose, current data were used in the paper to analyze these effects. In the paper, the process of financialization in the G8 countries was examined using data for a period of 19 years (1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008). The effects of financialization on GDP and employment have been analyzed by using panel data models. Findings suggest that there are important impacts of financial sector on GDP and total employment.