ABSTRACT.Purpose: To compare lamina cribrosa (LC) and choroidal thicknesses using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and healthy controls. Methods: A total number of 44 eyes of 22 patients with PD and 50 eyes of 25 healthy subjects were utilized in this institutional cross-sectional study. After a complete ophthalmic examination, all eyes were imaged with OCT (RTVue-100 version 5.1 Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography; Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, USA); LC and choroidal thickness were assessed. Results: The mean LC thicknesses were 209.4 AE 40.2 lm in patients with PD and 292.5 AE 33.7 lm in control subjects. There was a significant difference in the mean LC thickness between the groups (p < 0.0001). The choroidal thickness measurements of the PD group at the subfoveal region and 1.5 mm temporal and 1.5 mm nasal to the fovea were 228.1 AE 44.3, 193.2 AE 41.4 and 188.4 AE 49.0 lm, respectively, whereas measurements for the controls were, respectively, 246.5 AE 38.2, 227.3 AE 34.7 and 216.7 AE 51.4 lm. The choroid was significantly thinner in eyes of the PD group compared to that of the controls (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.006). There was no significant correlation between the disease severity and OCT parameters. The duration of the disease showed a statistically significant negative correlation with LC (rs[94] = À0.700, p < 0.001), and average subfoveal and temporal and nasal choroid thicknesses Conclusions: Regardless of the disease severity, PD may cause atrophy and volume loss in the lamina cribrosa, and choroid. An enhanced depth imaging technique may be used as an additional modality in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with PD.

IntroductionGlaucoma is among the leading causes of blindness worldwide. As an optic neuropathy, glaucoma is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death. Elevated intraocular pressure is the only commutable risk factor for glaucoma. However, despite the effective control of intraocular pressure (IOP), the progression of visual field loss suggests that IOP-independent mechanisms may also play a role in glaucomatous degeneration in patients having normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) (1,2).Based on the similarities between glaucoma and neurodegenerative diseases, including the selective loss of neuron populations and common mechanisms of cell injury and death, a contemporary hypothesis has implicated glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease (3). The IOP-independent mechanisms that cause degeneration in NTG may be similar to the mechanisms at work in neurodegenerative diseases. Some studies have Background/aim: To evaluate, in vivo, the optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) in patients with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and those with Alzheimer disease (AD) in comparison with healthy subjects. Materials and methods:This cross-sectional study included 18 patients with NTG, 20 with AD, and 20 control subjects. An ophthalmologic examination and OCT scans of both eyes were performed in all patients.Results: There was a significant reduction in peripapillary RNFL thickness and macular GCC thickness and a significant increase in the global loss volume (GLV) rate in both the NTG and AD patients when compared to the control subjects (P = 0.004, P = 0.006, P < 0.001, respectively). The statistical evaluation showed no difference in any RNFL or GCC parameters between the AD and NTG groups (P > 0.05). There was a negative correlation between disease duration and average RNFL and GCC thicknesses (r = −0.350, P = 0.027 and r = −0.471, P = 0.002, respectively) and a positive correlation between duration and GLV (r = 0.427, P = 0.006) in the AD group. Conclusion:The average RNFL thickness, GCC thickness, and GLV rates may help in the diagnosis of AD as an additional examination and may provide some important clues about the duration of the disease.

Fibrin glue is a safe and effective method for attaching conjunctival or amniotic membrane grafts for wound closure following pterygium surgery. Although the results were not statistically significant, amniotic membrane grafting using fibrin glue seems to have a higher pterygium recurrence rate compared with conjunctival autografting.

Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of legal blindness in developed countries at middle age adults. In this study diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in male Wistar albino rats. After 3 months of diabetes, rights eye were injected intravitreally with green fluorescein protein (GFP) labelled bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSC) and left eyes with balanced salt solution (Sham). Animals were grouped as Baseline (n = 51), Diabetic (n = 45), Diabetic+BMSC (n = 45 eyes), Diabetic+Sham (n = 45 eyes), Healthy+BMSC (n = 6 eyes), Healthy+Sham (n = 6 eyes). Immunohistology analysis showed an increased retinal gliosis in the Diabetic group, compared to Baseline group, which was assessed with GFAP and vimentin expression. In the immunofluorescence analysis BMSC were observed to integrate mostly into the inner retina and expressing GFP. Diabetic group had prominently lower oscillatory potential wave amplitudes than the Baseline group. Three weeks after intravitreal injection Diabetic+BMSC group had significantly better amplitudes than the Diabetic+Sham group. Taken together intravitreal BMSC were thought to improve visual function.

A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t 2 Bartonella henselae neuroretinitis in patients without cat scratch SUMMARY Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is a syndrome which is characterized by lymphadenopathy, fever, and skin lesions in association with a cat scratch or bite. Bartonella henselae is the primary bacterial agent responsible for CSD. Here we report serologically proven atypical presentation cases of B henselae neuroretinitis. In this study, three neuroretinitis patients were evaluated.Animal contact histories, ocular examinations, systemic work-up, clinical findings, and treatment compliance of the patients were assessed. All the patients denied a history of a cat or any animal contact, or of having CSD findings. Serologic testing with indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was used for diagnosis of Bartonella neuroretinitis. IFA test results were positive for all patients. Two of the patients were treated with antibiotics. Optic disc edema and macular exudates resolved gradually, and at their last follow-up visits, all the signs had disappeared. There was no disease recurrence after finishing treatment. Serious complications were seen in the untreated patient. In conclusion, even though there may be a lack of systemic signs and symptoms of CSD in a patient with neuroretinitis, B henselae infection should be considered.