Objective: To investigate the efficacy of Ketorolac with and without venous occlusion to relieve pain associated with Propofol injection. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Anesthesiology Department, Combined Military Hospital Multan, from Jan 2020 to Mar 2021. Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients of age more than 16 years with ASA physical status 1 and 2, undergoing elective surgery at Combined Military Hospital Multan were selected. Patients were allocated into the groups to receive Saline with sham occlusion (group-A), 10 mg Ketorolac with sham occlusion (Group-B), or 10 mg Ketorolac with full venous occlusion for 120 seconds (Group-C). Before surgery, the patients were asked to rate any local discomfort on a scale of 0-3 ten seconds after receiving a Propofol injection. On the seventh post-operative day, all the patients were handed a questionnaire to describe any untoward symptoms. Results: The mean age of the patients was 48.3 ± 2.8 years (range: 16 to 80 years). Mild discomfort was experienced by 4 (10%) patients, while 12 (30%) patients had moderate pain and 5 (12.5%) patients experienced severe pain in Group-A. In group- B, 16 (40%) patients had mild discomfort, 7 (17.5%) had moderate pain, and 5 (12.5%) had severe pain. In Group-C, 10 (25%) individuals experienced mild discomfort, 5 (12.5%) patients experienced moderate pain, whereas none of the patients experienced severe pain (p<0.001). Patients among the three groups reported no significant difference in post-injection venous sequelae. Conclusion: Pre-treatment with 10 mg Ketorolac and venous occlusion for 120 seconds...

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of circumcision done by plastibel technique in infants up till six months of age. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Multan, from Aug 2019 to Jul 2020 Methodology: The Department of surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Multan, from 2019 to 2020. A sample size of 140 patients was calculated via the EpiTools epidemiological calculator while keeping the significance level at 5% and a confidence level of 95%. Results: A total of 140 infants were circumcised with the plastibel technique. The age of the infants ranged from 21 days to six months with the mean age of 32.2 ± 10.5 days. Maximum circumcisions were done between 30-90 days of life. The best part of the circumcision was that no complication was observed during the study period. Conclusion: Plastibel circumcision can be done under local anaesthesia with the best possible safety in infants younger than six months of age.