Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive patients with and without endocervical polyps is compared with respect to HPV genotypes and presence of pre-invasive diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first and largest report in the literature examining the endocervical polyps in HPV positive cases.Material and methods: Clinicopathological data for the first one million screening patients (n = 1 060 992) from around the entire country during 2015 and 2016 were targeted for this research. Colposcopy, colposcopic surgical diagnostic procedures and final pathology results of 3499 patients with high-risk (HR) HPV-positive were obtained from reference colposcopy centers. Patients with endocervical polyps (n = 243 [6.9 %]) were accepted as experimental arm while patients without any endocervical polyp (n = 3256 [93.1%]) were regarded as the control group. Age, HPV genotype, Pap smear abnormality, and final pathological results were compared between two groups using Student's t-test and cross-tabulation chi-square test. Results:The incidence of endocervical polyp was found to be 6.9 % in HR HPV-positive women. The most common HPV genotypes observed in both groups were HPV 16 or 18. Abnormal cytology reports (≥ ASC-US) were not significantly different between both groups. However, with respect to final pathological diagnosis, patients with endocervical polyp had significantly lower numbers of pre-invasive diseases (31.3% vs 44.2%; p < 0.10).Conclusions: Endocervical polyps may be more common in patients with HR HPV infections. HPV 18 is observed significantly more, in the HR HPV positive endocervical polyp group. Patients with endocervical polyps do not have increased risk for preinvasive cervical diseases.

Abstract Objective: Vaginismus is one of the most common problems among patients who apply to the sexual health outpatient clinic. It is known that sexual problems are more common in migraine and tension-type headache patients. Furthermore, the frequency of depression and anxiety is higher in both vaginismus and chronic headache patients. This study was conducted in 2021 and examined the headache characteristics, depression and anxiety in vaginismus patients. Material and methods: In this prospective study, 87 patients diagnosed with vaginismus in the sexual health outpatient clinic were interviewed. Fifty patients who agreed to participate in the study were questioned regarding headache, and Beck depression and Beck anxiety scales were applied. Results: Headache was present in 46% (n:23) of 50 vaginismus patients. Anxiety scores of patients with headaches were higher than those without headaches (p=0.032). The most common type of headache was migraine without aura (60.9%), followed by tension-type headache (30.4%). Beck depression scores of the low-income group were higher than the high-income group (p=0.006). There was no significant correlation between monthly headache frequency, total headache duration, Beck depression score, and Beck anxiety score. Conclusions: Headache is a common neurological symptom in vaginismus patients, and the frequency of migraine is higher than tension-type headaches. Anxiety values are higher in vaginismus patients experiencing a headache. Therefore, headache and anxiety should be considered in the follow-up and treatment of vaginismus patients.