A major aim of proteomics is to comprehensively identify and quantify all protein species variants from a given biological source. However, in spite of its tremendous utility, bottom-up proteomic strategies can do little to provide true quantification of distinct whole protein species variants given its reliance on proteolysis. This is particularly true when molecular size information is lost as in gel-free proteomics. Crk and CrkL comprise a family of adaptor proteins that couple upstream phosphotyrosine signals to downstream effectors by virtue of their SH2 and SH3 domains respectively. Here we compare the identification and quantification of CrkL-SH3 binding partners between embryonic murine brain and liver. We also uncover and quantify tissue-specific variants in CrkL-SH3 binding proteins.
Malignant brain tumors, including glioblastoma (GBM), display growth, survival, and invasive properties that are coupled to blood vessels and vascularderived factors. For example, GBM stem cells (GSCs) home to perivascular niches and invasive tumor cells commonly disperse through the brain microenvironment via extracellular matrix (ECM)-rich vascular basement membranes. Anti-vascular agents that target angiogenesis, and particularly those involving vascular endothelial cell growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and its receptors, improve progression-free survival in GBM patients. However, these benefits are often transient due to compensation by alternative angiogenic pathways. The detailed molecular mechanisms that couple GBM cells to blood vessels during tumor growth and progression as well as following anti-angiogenesis therapies are just beginning to be elucidated, with various cytokines, growth factors, and ECM proteins playing important roles. In this review we will highlight molecular pathways that link cerebral blood vessels and GBM cells during tumor growth, progression, and invasion. We will also discuss mechanisms underlying GBM-induced angiogenesis, with a particular focus placed on roles for integrin adhesion receptors and their ECM protein ligands. Therapies that target angiogenesis in GBM and other brain cancers will also be summarized.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.