Groundwater plays an important role for socioeconomic development of Comoro watershed in Timor Leste. Despite the significance of groundwater for sustainable development, it has not always been properly managed in the watershed. Therefore, this study seeks to identify groundwater potential zones in the Comoro watershed, using geographical information systems and remote sensing and analytic hierarchy process technique. The groundwater potential zones thus obtained were divided into five classes and validated with the recorded bore well yield data. It was found that the alluvial plain in the northwest along the Comoro River has very high groundwater potential zone which covers about 5.4 % (13.5 km 2 ) area of the watershed. The high groundwater potential zone was found in the eastern part and along the foothills and covers about 4.8 % (12 km 2 ) of the area; moderate zone covers about 2.0 % (5 km 2 ) of the area and found in the higher elevation of the alluvial plain. The poor and very poor groundwater potential zone covers about 87.8 % (219.5 km 2 ) of the watershed. The hilly terrain located in the southern and central parts of the study area has a poor groundwater potential zone due to higher degree of slope and low permeability of conglomerate soil type. The demarcation of groundwater potential zones in the Comoro watershed will be helpful for future planning, development and management of the groundwater resources.

This study provides an assessment of changes in mean and extreme climate in northeast Thailand, focusing on the near‐future period (2021–2050). Spatiotemporal changes in climate extremes and return values are investigated compared to 1981–2010. Climate model‐related uncertainties are quantified using 14 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) and 8 models from phase 6 (CMIP6). CMIP6 models have a higher sensitivity to external forcings as the CMIP6 ensemble suggests an increase in maximum and minimum temperatures by 1.45°C (0.8–1.9°C) and 1.54°C (1.1–1.9°C) under the high emission scenario, which is greater than by CMIP5 ensemble: 1.10°C (0.5–1.7°C) and 1.13°C (0.7–1.6°C), respectively. No significant changes in annual rainfall are projected, although it will be temporally more uneven with decreases (6–11%) during the pre‐rainy season (March–May) and increases (2–8%) during the rainy season (June–October). The bootstrap analysis technique shows the inter‐model uncertainties for rainfall projections in CMIP6 have reduced by 40% compared to CMIP5. The annual number of hot days will increase more than twofold and warm nights, more than threefold. Near‐future will experience an increase in the rainfall intensity, a decrease in the number of rainy days, and an increase in the 20‐year return values of annual maximum 1‐day rainfall and consecutive 5‐days rainfall (>30%). In addition, the rainy season will be shortened in the future as onset and retreat are delayed, which may have implications in agricultural activities in the basin since cultivation is primarily rainfed. These findings suggest that anthropogenic activities will significantly amplify the climate extremes. The study results will be useful for managing climate‐related risks and developing adaptation measures to improve resilience towards potential climate hazards.

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Under climate change scenarios, many urban areas in Southeast Asia may become increasingly susceptible to localized flooding due to greater rainfall extremes. This study focused on Rattanakosin Village, Thailand, a peri-urban area near Bangkok. Rainfall