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Background: Free and informed consent (FIC) is, first and foremost, a privileged process of exchange between the researcher and the participant, from the beginning to the end of the research and even beyond. The participant will confirm his or her willingness to participate, after having been informed of all aspects of the study. The ELC takes the form of a written, signed and dated form. It must contain 21 items and be placed in the appendices of the brief. Our study has two objectives: to analyze the perception of the ELC among students; and to propose solutions to facilitate the conduct and respect of the participant's dignity. This qualitative study took place from May 19, 2021 to March 10, 2022. Data collection was conducted through focus groups (FGs) and individual interviews in neutral locations based on an evolving interview guide. Transcription was manual and data analysis was performed by grounded theory, after the realization of context of enunciation. Triangulation of data and researchers was respected. Eight GD and two individual interviews (46 subjects) were carried out to reach data saturation. Low interest in respecting the elements of the ELC, different definitions and negative views of the ELC were noted in the statements of the respondents. The majority of the ELC process (70%) does not respect GCP. The understanding and production of the form raises several ethical issues. It is appropriate to train supervisors and students in research ethics, evaluation and monitoring of research protocols.

The goal of this study carried out on street children and care providers was to determine the opinions of the staff of these institutions--foster homes--and their degree of satisfaction. Out of twenty homes of the zone or healthcare district of Kasavubu in the city of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), ten were chosen at random (50%). In them, we selected one hundred street children--the beneficiaries--, ten care providers and ten protocol programs--of guardianship. The players--beneficiaries and providers--answered questions on their perceptions and expectations regarding to following: the range of activities provided, its organization, its quality and their degree of satisfaction of the site and on the development of skills. The results obtained demonstrated the predominance on useful activities ("welfarism") and on charity. The respondents declared they sometimes commit antisocial actions (theft) to access education, which is similar to a form of obtaining independence. The protocols for guardianship are often the conceived by experts. However, in a general way for young respondents, it is relatively difficult for experts alone (assistants and social educators or others) to provide precise and exhaustive data on the needs felt by street children. In view of these results, it is thus ethically acceptable to resort to the ability-based approach in the conception, the setting up and the evaluation of guardianship protocols for street children. What the youth think, the range of activities provided, the conception and the quality of the guardianship protocols is an important stake in the development of the skills. It is highly probable that the emergence of such protocols cannot be undertaken except if street children have a degree of independence in relation to experts and can assert a specific point of view.