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We report a case of non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma, which presented with blood sugar levels far exceeding any previously recorded in the literature. The patient developed acute renal failure, probably because of rhabdomyolysis, which was successfully managed with continuous veno-venous haemofiltration. He developed blurring of vision resulting from biochemical changes, which was managed conservatively. We discuss the mechanisms of causation of the renal failure and visual blurring.

Introduction: Pulpotomy is the most common treatment to preserve vitality of cariously exposed molars. Various pulpotomy medicaments used should be antimicrobial, should help in healing without damaging surrounding tissue, and should not affect eruption of permanent teeth. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of formocresol (FC) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in primary molars. The aim of this randomized study was to compare the clinical and radiographic success rate of FC and 5% NaOCl as a pulpotomy medicament in primary molars. Materials and methods:Forty children aged 4 to 9 years with primary carious molar were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: FC and NaOCl. Pulpotomy procedure was then performed followed by restoration with stainless steel crowns. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was done at an interval of 3 to 6 months. Results:Clinical success rate at 3 and 6 months was 100% for both groups. Radiographic success rate for FC was 95% at 3 months and 90% at 6 months, whereas for NaOCl, it was 90% at 3 months and 85% at 6 months. Evaluation and Comparison between Conclusion:Based on this study, result of 5% NaOCl and FC showed no significant difference in their success rate. Hence, NaOCl can be used as pulpotomy medicament; however, further clinical trials with long follow-up period are required.Clinical significance: Sodium hypochlorite is a potential clinical substitute of FC for vital pulpotomy treatment in primary teeth because of its exceptional biological compatibility and to evade carcinogenic effect of FC.

Objective: This investigation was designed to evaluate the masseter muscle volume in different growth patterns and its correlation with facial morphology using three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), Materials and Methods: Study was conducted using CBCT scans of nonorthodontically treated individuals (n = 32, 19 males and 13 females) between the ages of 18-25 years. The masseter muscle volume was calculated using Dolphin 3D software 11.5 version (Essential Dental Products, New Delhi, India). The subjects were grouped according to growth pattern and facial form. Conclusion: CBCT predicts actual muscle volume by calculating number of voxels of scan data and exact geometry of the muscle. The mean masseter muscle volume was 28.73 ± 5.51 cm 3 for horizontal growth patterns, 27.30 ± 6.49 cm 3 for average growth pattern, and 22.14 ± 3.25 cm 3 for vertical growth pattern. The individuals with thin masseter morphology had a longer face in proportion/relation to their facial width with an increase in masseter muscle volume, the facial index decreased, and face appeared to be more rectangular. Euryprosopic facial form showed maximum/highest masseter muscle volume, whereas leptoprosopic facial form showed least muscle volume.