Background and Aim: Central venous catheter placement is a frequently performed procedure in emergency and intensive care units. we aimed to compare real-time ultrasound guided (USG) and the conventional anatomical landmark (LM) technique for the insertion of internal jugular vein catheters. Materials and method: Patients requiring IJV catheterization were prospectively recruited over a period of 1 and half year. It is a single blinded prospective randomised study involving total of 48 cases meeting inclusion criteria were randomly allocated in two groups, 24 patients to each group. Number of attempts, success rate, venous access time, IJV catheterization time and complications were observed in each group. All data were analysed by proper statistical test using SPSS-29 software. The data was analysed by computing percentages and descriptive statistics as mean, standard deviation and standard error of mean. The difference of mean between two techniques is tested using independent Student t-test. For all tests, p value of <0.05 was considered signicant. The nding of this study indicates that internal jugular vein catheterization gui Conclusion: ded by real-time USG results in higher 1st pass success rate, reduced number of cannulation attempt and fewer complication

Introduction: Labour pain is of major concern since most parturients experience signicant pain of extremely severe intensity. Labour pain can have deleterious effects on the mother, on the foetus and on the labour outcome. Epidural anaesthesia is an effective means of providing analgesia during labour. To compare the efcacy of epidural analgesia using 0.125% bupivacaine and 0.0002% Aim: fentanyl versus an epidural using 0.25% bupivacaine alone for labour analgesia. It is a prospective comparative study c Methods: onducted at a Tertiary care hospital, Fifty parturients who were admitted to the antenatal ward and who requested pain relief during labor and who fullled the inclusion criteria were selected for the study after taking written informed consent. Analgesia provided by both techniques Conclusion: was found to be similar. Women in group FB retained motor power in their legs. Motor Block was minimized in Group FB. Both the intervention group had lesser impact on the hemodynamics. Complications were minor and were easily managed.