Food preservation has been practised in many parts of the world for thousands of years, and it applies to a wide range of foods, including fruits, vegetables, cereals, and meat. Food preservation techniques are canning, freezing, pickling, curing (smoking or salting), and drying. Food spoilage caused by moisture is caused by the growth of mould, yeast, bacteria, and enzymes in the food. The drying process removes enough moisture from food to significantly reduce the humidity level’s likelihood of these adverse outcomes. The material's content measures how much moisture is present in that substance. The moisture content of fresh food can range from 20 to 90 percent depending on the type of food consumed. There will be no signs of moisture in food that has been thoroughly dried before being chopped. We used the experimental analysis in this study to create a mathematical model that could be used to determine which parameter was most important in the design of a solar dryer. In the future, the model is expected to be a helpful design tool for estimating the short- and long-term performance of a solar dryer under load and overload scenarios. The simulation of a solar dryer system has been performed under conditions such as the gap between the glass and the absorber plate, and the impact of hole size. The optimal hole size and spacing between the glass and the absorber plate are determined.

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The global crowdfunding (CF) market was valued at 10.2 billion US$ in 2018 and is expected to almost triple in size by 2025. The CF is evolving as a major and easy source of fundraising methods for various industries. Still, this acceptability is not widely accepted in transportation activities due to various limitations and low awareness among policymakers. The present research analyzes the factors contributing to the growth of market acceptability of CF, divided into three different research phases: identifying barriers from the literature, interviews with transport industry experts at two stages, and designing an ISM model in a fuzzy environment. The identification phase led to selecting 16 factors from the past literature and suggesting industrial experts. The Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) analysis was used to understand the impact and linkage of identified barriers on seven levels of the fuzzy scale. The factors are classified into four major categories based on the fuzzy matrix's drive and dependence power using Fuzzy MICMAC. The sixteen identified growth factors for CF have been distributed in 5 levels in the ISM designed model. All the factors had fallen in only two quadrants of MICMAC based on the fuzzy scale matrix. Except for No or Low in regulation, the selected fifteen factors fall in the linkage quadrant, with high dependency and driving power. Such relation of all variables is the precise reason for storm growth in the field. “No or Low in regulation” is one of the most significant factors to the growth and acceptance of this innovative fundraising method by common investors but cannot be controlled directly by the associated crowdfunding members in the transport industry.