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The current social and industrial communities exceedingly demanded the materials that dealt with rich mechanical properties, i.e., the rich strength, hardness, reliability, high resistance against corrosion and oxidation, and high toughness and refractoriness. Recently, the researchers ascertained the comprehensive applications of these difficult to machine materials in the domain of automotive, aeronautical, nuclear industries etc. It is claimed that it is quite hard and expensive for machining these superadvanced materials by traditional machining operations. In the present study, worldwide promising nickel-based superalloy Inconel 825 material is used due to its outstanding mechanical and thermal properties at eminent temperatures and also having broad application in imperative engineering fields. The authors probed that machining cost and smart machinability index have become the gigantic concern in EDM operation; however, these can be minimized by adapting a conduit of evaluation of the optimum setting among multiple input parameters. It was a challenging task, which is respected by authors as the research gaps to be sorted out. To fulfill research gaps, the authors encountered imperative significant EDM input parameters, i.e., spark gap (Sg), gap voltage (Vg), pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), Peak Current (Ip), Servo feed (Sf), Depth of Cut (Dc) and difficulty index (Di) corresponding to output responses, i.e., power consumption (Pc), machining time (Mt), and material removal rate (MRR) for framing the machinability index/model for conducting experiments and collecting objectives/responses/outputs. Next, the authors conducted experiments using the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array model in the nonvibratory domain for recording output responses. Later, to potentially access the results, the authors integrated the computational Taguchi methodology with dual models which is called as Taguchi-grey relational analysis (T-GRA) and Taguchi-principal component analysis (T-PCA). The optimum setting condition among considered inputs is discussed in the conclusion section. Later, confirmatory test gratified the evaluated optimum settings which is yielding an improvement of 0.16262 and 0.34398 score in executing T-GRA and T-PCA, respectively. In continuation, the current research evidenced that pulse off time is the chief significant process parameter having p values 0.005 and 0.001 for T-GRA and T-PCA, respectively. It is also seen that the depth of cut is also another important significant process parameter having p values 0.061 and 0.073 for T-GRA and T-PCA, respectively. Moreover, the current research work also investigated the effect of variation of momentous input process parameters over the surface topography and their utility in improving surface integrity and eliminating the micropores and cracks.

System of wheat intensification (SWI), a new planting method, has shown promising results. Manual planting in SWI is cumbersome, labored and time-consuming. Hence, a manually operated planter for SWI was designed and developed at ICAR-IARI, New Delhi, for precise planting of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed. Field experiment was conducted to optimize design parameters i.e. plant spacing, number of seed/hill, treated/untreated and result was compared for conventional wheat cultivation with and without SWI management during winter season of 2015-16. The estimated labour requirements for manual planting under SWI method was 4–5 times more than the traditional drilling of wheat. The bulk density, true density, 1,000 seed weight, max. and min. dimensions and sphericity of the wheat seed were computed as 768 kg/m3, 1376 kg/m3, 39.9 g, 6.0 and 2.6 mm and 3.7, respectively. Based on these physical properties of wheat seed, a vertical cell type metering unit for single-row SWI planter was designed and fabricated. The metering unit of the planter was evaluated on a sticky belt at different speeds for distribution uniformity of seed per hill. It dropped 2-seeds per hill for 56% hills (points), 3 and 1 seeds per hill in 20% hills and missed-out seeds for 4–5% hills. The developed SWI planter was evaluated at IARI-Agronomy research field and its performance was compared with manual sowing and manual SWI planting. Number of hills germinated was found to be 22–24/m2. The distribution of plant per hill was found 69% double, 23% single, 5% triple and 3% nil. Overall, germination of seed, plant growth and yield were significantly better (> 25% higher) in the plots sown by SWI planter compared to conventional wheat sowing.

Extended surfaces has its major significance in heat transfer and thermal management in internal combustion engine they plays a major role in performance of combustion engines, In this paper heat transfer effectiveness of fins were studied also with literature survey to identify the previous works that have been performed by mathematical, analytical and numerical methods with optimizing profiles, materials and process parameters, this survey paper segmented and clustered the detail description of internal combustion engine fins, This paper reviews the recent researches that were performed in heat sinks by considering various parameters and methods.

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