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Vehicular traffic is considered one of the major contributors to urban air pollution in a city like Delhi. Signalized traffic intersections are considered as urban hotspots due to their high air pollution levels which generally exceed the air quality standards specified by the regulatory agencies. The high air pollution levels mainly result from the idling of a large number of motor vehicles at these signalized intersections resulting in fuel losses and corresponding emissions leading to deteriorating air quality. There are ~950 signalized traffic intersections in Delhi city. A large number of the population works and lives close to these traffic intersections and are exposed to these air pollutants. Therefore, it becomes imperative to understand the spatial-temporal distribution of vehicular emissions resulting because of the idling of motor vehicles at these intersections. In the present study, the fuel loss estimation due to the idling of vehicles was carried out at Lodhi Road intersection using idling fuel consumption data carried out on various test vehicles representing the Delhi traffic. The fuel loss was converted into emissions using fuel-based Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission factors. The emissions have been estimated in terms of greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions and indirect greenhouse gas (CO, NOx, and NMVOC). The results indicated that daily there was ~230 litre of petrol, ~100 litre of diesel and ~170 kg of compressed natural gas (CNG) loss due to idling at Lodhi Road intersection. The resultant emissions load estimated was ~1300 kg of CO2, 13 kg of NOx, 90 kg of CO per day. The spatial extent of vehicular pollutant has been assessed with the help of the CAL3QHC model.

The most important parameter for designing a pedestrian facility is the area required by a pedestrian to stand comfortably or make a comfortable movement. This area is referred as Body Ellipse (Human Ellipse) and depends on Shoulder Width and Body Depth of a human being (and also on the kind of activity i.e. Standing or Walking). In current practices, design of pedestrian facilities' are according to the body ellipse of pedestrians experimented in The United States Of America (US-HCM 2010). Regional variances are marked in these physical characteristics that are dependent on human body dimensions to a greater extent, ultimately playing an important role in pedestrian's convenience (capacity and Level of service of a facility) and design environment. This paper is an attempt to study the measurements of Body Ellipses i.e. body depth and shoulder width by carrying out videography surveys on the pedestrians in India (specifically Delhi). The analysis also includes, classifying the body dimensions according to gender and walking with/without baggage (handbag/backpack), along with the measurement of the Step length of pedestrians' while walking which shall give out the area required for walking. These body dimensions have been compared with the standard body dimension available worldwide. The study location was a walkway in a commercial area in Delhi (India) with a sample size of 747 consisting of 132 females and 615 males. The extracted body dimension varies from 26.07 to 52.14 centimeter for body depth and 42.35 to 67.76 centimeters for shoulder width.

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