PCNL is effective in children, with a clearance rate of 83% and, with dual therapy, more than 90%. We recommend that tract dilation be restricted to 24F or smaller whenever possible. Approximately 40% of patients had either an anatomic or metabolic abnormality.

A pigtail catheter nephrostomy tube after PCNL reduces the hospital stay by reducing the duration of the urinary leak. The postoperative course is smooth, as patient has less pain and needs less analgesic support. There is no statistically significant increase in the postoperative bleeding secondary to use of a pigtail catheter. Second-look nephroscopy was easy in the one patient with a pigtail nephrostomy catheter who needed the procedure.

No abstract

In this series, antegrade ureteroscopy was found to be a safe and effective option for impacted upper ureteral calculi and assured better results than retrograde ureteroscopy.

Bilateral PCNL in a single session is feasible and safe and can be carried out without increased morbidity. We advocate that an endourologist be prepared for bilateral PCNL in the patients in whom it is indicated. The opposite-side PCNL can be done if the first-side treatment is accomplished smoothly and in a reasonable time.