Introduction:The head and neck masses are relatively common pathology. These head and neck masses are evaluated by clinical history and examination with the aid of investigations like FNAC, USG and CT of the region and excision biopsy. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a very simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique used to diagnose different types of swellings like lymph node, thyroid, soft tissue and salivary glands in head and neck region. Objectives: It is to assess the frequency and incidence of different sites, age, sex and distribution of inflammatory, benign and malignant lesions. . Patients between the ages of 35days to 85 years were enrolled into the study. A total of 139 patients with a head and neck swelling underwent FNAC. Fine needle aspiration diagnosis was correlated with detailed clinical findings and investigations. Result: Out of 139 fine needle aspiration procedures 64.02% (89 cases) were of lymph node, 18.7% (26 cases) were of thyroid, 2.87% from salivary gland(04 cases), 12.94% (18 cases) from skin and soft tissue swellings. Out of total 139 lesions, 80 (57.55%) were inflammatory, 48 (34.53%) benign and 09 (6.47%) were malignant and 02 (1.43%) were inconclusive. Conclusion: From our study we concluded that FNAC is simple, quick, inexpensive and minimally invasive first line investigation for differential diagnosis of head and neck masses.

Introduction: Male infertility has a significant contribution in cases of infertility. Different habits among males i.e. smoking, tobacco chewing and alcohol intake have found adverse influence on sperm count and sperm motility. The mechanisms according to which tobacco affects spermatozoa are poorly understood. Some of the studies focused on the relation between cigarette smoking and the principal semen analysis, variable such as concentration, Morphology and Motility. In this study, we compared the sperm parameters-concentration and motility between tobacco consumers and tobacco non-consumers. Objectives: To identify the role of smoking and tobacco chewing in decreasing sperm count and motility. Methods: Total 100 semen samples from the cases of infertility reported at GMERS Medical College & Hospital were taken in this study. The results of tobacco chewers and smokers were studied and compared according to WHO guidelines, to that of tobacco non-consumers. Results: Out of 100 samples 59 showed decreased sperm count of which 41 men were tobacco consumers. 44 out of 100 samples showed decreased progressive motility, of which 29 men were tobacco consumers. Conclusion: Tobacco consumption either as smoking or tobacco chewing have a role in deteriorating the sperm quality and therefore in infertility of the male partners.