Glaucoma is an ocular condition characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Conventional treatments of glaucoma face poor corneal permeability and bioavailability. To address these issues, a nanoemulsion in situ gel of Timolol maleate was developed in this study by adding the polymer Carbopol 934p. Using Carbopol 934p, a novel ophthalmic pH-induced nanoemulsion in situ gel was formulated. The formulation was liquid at pH 4 and quickly gelled when the pH was raised to 7.4 (Lacrimal pH). The pH-triggered in situ gelling mechanism demonstrated continuous drug release over a 24 h cycle. A total of nine trial formulations were prepared (NEI1–NEI9) and subjected to various physicochemical and in vitro evaluations. According to the in vitro release kinetics, the drug release of Timolol maleate nanoemulsion in situ gel NEI5 followed zero-order kinetics, with a release exponent value of 0.902, indicating that the mechanism of release was non-Fickian diffusion regulated. In vivo results showed that Timolol maleate nanoemulsion in situ gel NEI5 provided a better-sustained release of the drug, compared with the Timolet OD eye drops. The formulation is stable in storage, with no distinguishable change in appearance, physical properties, quality, and percentage drug release. NEI5 also reduces drug administration frequency, which improves patient compliance. Timolol maleate nanoemulsion in situ gel NEI5 achieved the goal of controlled drug delivery with extended-release and cost-effectiveness, lowering the dosage and frequency of drug administration, and thus may improve patient compliance. In conclusion, the stable nanoemulsion in situ gel of Timolol maleate NEI5 decreases intraocular pressure (IOP) over a prolonged period.

Quetiapine Fumarate is potent, and the daily therapeutic dose can be delivered easily across the skin with the help of permeation enhancers. Quetiapine Fumarate-loaded transdermal patches were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. Various formulation parameters, excipients, and their combinations were optimized to get thin, translucent, smooth, stable, and high permeable character patches. A total number of 10 formulations were prepared. All formulations were subjected to various physicochemical evaluations. Three different formulations were prepared and F1, F2, and F3. Various physicochemical studies were carried out and found no significant difference between the three batches. The in vitro release study showed 74.29%, 82.73%, and 77.27%, respectively, up to 24 h. From the results, F2 has been selected as an optimized formulation and evaluated for skin irritation test. The results revealed that there is no irritation produced. The stability study results showed that there is no significant change from its initial nature till the period of three months in both temperatures. Quetiapine Fumarate Transdermal Patch F2 has achieved the goal of extended-release, cost-effectiveness, lowering the dose and frequency of drug administration, and thus may improve patient compliance.

The present study highlights the Bio activities and Pharmacology of Piper nigrum L. (Black Pepper). Piper nigrum L is commonly known as Kali Mirch, Pippali, Milagu Peppercorn, White pepper, Green pepper, Black pepper, and Madagascar pepper longum plant is a deciduous slender aromatic climber. The major source of bioactive constituents in black pepper is present in the fruits. It contains major pungent alkaloid piperine (1-peperoyl piperidine) which is known to possess pharmacological actions. Antimicrobial activity of black pepper evaluated the antibacterial potential of aqueous decoction of Piper nigrum L. (black pepper), against different bacterial isolates from oral cavity of individual volunteers.

The concept of strategic planning has extensively been used to formulate institutional objectives of higher education institutions into time bound deliverables. Although there is a general agreement on the conceptual note on the strategic planning process, the differences are conspicuous in its internal process of transformation from strategic formulation to implementation. Consequently, models that apply to higher education institutions have been drawn up in the management sciences in the last quarter of the twentieth century. However, the format for institutional review of strategic planning is still in its infancy although its review constitutes a conspicuous phase of institutional planning. The foregoing discussion is intended to prescribe a general format for an institutional review of a strategic planning model. It runs on the hypothesis that the review has three phases, though not mutually exclusive, viz. review of the framework, review of the process, and review of the outcome. The paper under discussion is an attempt to develop a new logical framework for the review of the strategic plan of an educational institution. The model is labelled as the OMC model as it was developed for and subsequently used in Oman Medical College.

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