Background. Hepatitis B virus is a global problem, with 66% of all the world population living in areas where there are high levels of infection. HBV is the leading risk factor for HCC globally and accounts for at least 50% of cases of HCC. Medical and health science students, being part of the health-care system, are exposed to the infection as a risk as other health-care workers when they come in contact with patients and contaminated instruments. Objective. The main aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of hepatitis B virus infection prevention and its associated factors among health science students in Woldia University. Methods. Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 30 to May 30, 2019, among health science students of Woldia University who had previous clinical attachments. Two hundred students were selected by the systematic random sampling method. Association of dependent and independent variables was computed using a bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model. P<0.05 was considered as significantly associated. Result. The study revealed that, out of 200 participants, 96 (48%) have poor knowledge, whereas 104 (52%) showed good knowledge about HBV. Regarding the practice of participants, 79 (39.5%) of the students have good practice to prevent HBV, whereas 121 (59.5%) had poor practice towards HBV infection prevention. Conclusion. Based on the current study, greater than half of the students who participated in the study have good knowledge of hepatitis B infection prevention and most of the students have poor practice about infection prevention of hepatitis B virus.

Water governance is the range of political, social, economic and administrative systems that are in place to develop and manage water resources and delivery of water services at different level of society. This research assessed the trends and actors of Borkena river water governance. Borkena is major tributary of Awash River that originated from South Wollo, Kutaber Woreda. The research use qualitative research approach and data were gathered from both primary and secondary sources. Based on the data, the research found the households and institutions around the river contributed for the depletion of the river water. There is clear policy and practice gap where weak institutional linkages exacerbate the river pollution from bad to worst. The research found that Borkena River serves for the social and economic need of large number of households in the basin. However, the river is found ownerless where no specifically identified government offices are responsible for the river governance at local level. Thus, the river suffers from disposals of industries, companies and households wastes. The river pollution is the result of the absence of planed and systematic solid and liquid wastes management mechanisms from the upper to the lower basin. Based upon the finding, the researchers suggest three areas of intervention using government bureaucracy and other civic organizations. These are: (1) revising the policy documents and establishing specific river governing body at local levels; (2) Expanding good experiences of riverside basin protection in the area; and (3) Intensive awareness creation about waste management and preserving river water needs to be implemented to improve the surrounding communities' socioeconomic wellbeing that enable Borkena river clean and viable for future.

Global demand for animal products is extremely increasing in the future period, which mainly because of improvement in the global standard of living. In the meantime, global climate change is a pressure to animal production due to the impact on quality of forages, water availability, animal and milk production, animal health, animal reproduction and biodiversity. This paper reviews the impacts of climate change on animal production and converse contributions of animal production sector to global climate variation and specific climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies in animal production sector. Global climate change will affect animal production and consequently food security mainly in tropical regions. This paper also reviewed that, converse contribution of animal production sector in emission of GHGs to the atmosphere for global climate change. Therefore, global climate change adaptation, mitigation practices and policy frameworks are critical to protect animal production.

This article analyzes the Ethiopian environmental policy and practices since 1991. This paper employs a set of principles and frameworks that Weimer &Vining developed as grand principles of environmental policy and practices. The review is an attempt to analyze the international environmental engagements of Ethiopia vis-à-vis the domestic environmental policy practices. To properly address the issue, qualitative research approach and content analysis design are employed. The review consulted a multiple of secondary sources from different institutions and organizations. From the bulk of literature and policy documents, Ethiopia is an internationally visible country on environmental campaigns more than countries with better domestic achievements on the environmental protection. Unlike the international political leadership for green economy and environmental protection, the country's domestic performances are not fully translated due to policy gaps, institutional dissonance and lack of political will and commitment. Hence, the environmental issues of Ethiopia serve the political agenda than the genuine environmental concern. The research implies the following areas of intervention. Namely, (1) the government needs to work on revising policy documents that correct environmental policy inconsistency. (2) It should also enhance the capacity, efficiency and institutional harmony of environmental protection agencies to realize the environmental goals of the country.(3) The government should give a political will and commitment to the domestic environmental issues like its international commitment and visibility.

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