This study was done by the result of observation at IAIN Bukittinggi, it was found that Indonesian learning activities generally only use conventional media that are simple, in the form of a blackboard and powerpoint text. Learning tends to use lecture methods and conventional modules in the form of hardcopy modules in the learning process, it causes the students to feel bored, have difficulty understanding conventional modules and are less motivated during the learning process. The purpose of this study is to develop teaching material in the form of an Indonesian e-module that is valid, practical, effective and can motivate students to learn independently in improving student learning achievement. The development of this Indonesian e-module passes the ADDIE stages, namely (1) Analysis; (2) Design; (3) Development; (4) Implementation; (5) Evaluation. Products were developed include lecturer guidance book consisting of syllabus and SAP, students guidance book and Indonesian e-modules. Based on the results of internal consistency test and implementation, the product developed was categorized as very valid with a score of 86.47, the product developed was also categorized as very practical with a score of 90.40, and very effective with a score of 93.02. Based on the results of the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the development of e-modules in Indonesian subject it can be concluded that e-modules have excellent validity, practicality and effectiveness.

We describe a new species of Crambionella, C. helmbiru, from central Java, Indonesia. The combination of the mean number of lappets per octant (14), presence of foliaceous appendages amongst frills on oral-arms, absence of tubercles on the velar lappets, proportion of terminal club length to oral-arm length (0.28), and the body colour distinguish this species from three previously described congeners. In addition, the analysis of partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene indicate substantial genetic differences from both Crambionella orsini and Crambionella stuhlmanni, supporting the validity of this new species. A combination of morphological and genetic approaches determined that the remarkable differences in exumbrellar colours observed in specimens are simply intra-specific variation. Surprisingly, this species has been commercially harvested for more than 20 years and is well-known to the local people in the region, yet it had remained unknown to science until this point. The commercial fisheries targeting this formerly unknown species are also described in detail.

The Bird's Head Seascape (BHS), Papua, Indonesia is located within the epicenter of global marine biodiversity and has been the focus of recent conservation efforts to protect marine resources. Here, we provide an overview of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) progress in the BHS over the past decade, including establishment history, changes in management effectiveness and ecosystem health, as well as examining trends in tourism growth. While generally viewed as a conservation success story, we reflect on both successes and challenges in the BHS, identifying where we need to continue to improve and adapt in response to rapid economic and environmental change. As of 2020, BHS MPAs cover 5.1 million ha across 23 MPAs. As expected, management effectiveness is steadily increasing in BHS MPAs-although newer MPAs face Purwanto and Dominic A. Andradi-Brown should be considered joint first authors.

Pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS) was used to investigate the relationships of members of the genus Fucus (F. spiralis, F. veskulosus, F. ceranoides and F. serratus), and between F. spiralis and F. spiralis forma nanus. Fucus spiralis and F. spiralis forma nanus were not separable by PyMS and are thus a single species. Fucus spiralis, F. veskulosus, F. ceranoides and F. serratus were separable and their status as species confirmed. The pattern of relatedness between these species suggests a re-evaluation of their evolutionary history in that F. spiralis, F. vesiculosus and F. serratus are more similar to one another than to F. ceranoides. Pyrolysis mass spectrometry was also used to investigate the position of plants identified as putative hybrids between F. spiralis and F. vesiculosus. These plants were found to be intermediate between the two species thus confirming morphological evidence.

Biodiversity knowledge is widely heterogeneous across the Earth's biomes. Some areas, due to their remoteness and difficult access, present large taxonomic knowledge gaps. Mostly located in the tropics, these areas have frequently experienced a fast development of anthropogenic activities during the last decades and are therefore of high conservation concerns. The biodiversity hotspots of Southeast Asia exemplify the stakes faced by tropical countries. While the hotspots of Sundaland (Java, Sumatra, Borneo) and Wallacea (Sulawesi, Moluccas) have long attracted the