This study examines the trend of the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic in Pakistan and to explore the community perception of the socioeconomic impact of COVID‐19 pandemic in a rural mountain area of Pakistan. An online survey was conducted through snowball sampling technique and total 367 people participated in the survey. The results of the study show that COVID‐19 cases spiked amid ease of lockdown in the country and the spread of novel coronavirus pandemic has significant socioeconomic impact on the lives of mountain communities in Gilgit‐Baltistan. Financial uncertainty, decrease in income, fear of job loss, and food insecurity are some major challenges that mountain communities face due to outbreak of coronavirus in the region. The results further show that lack of community cooperation with government agencies, lack of awareness about the severity of coronavirus, and insufficient COVID‐19 testing kits are the major factors that caused the spread of coronavirus cases. This study suggests that the short‐, medium‐, and long‐term policies are required to mitigate the consequences of this pandemic and to revitalize the mountain economy of Gilgit‐Baltistan, and in this regard, this study provides baseline information for policy‐makers and practitioners to devise such demanding policies.

The main purpose of this descriptive research is to explore the fact that why students are less motivated towards English language learning at undergraduate level. It also throws light upon the very facts of motivation with regard to the factors like student-teacher relationship, class room environment, self esteem or self respect, and willingness to communicate. Motivation plays a major part in learning a second language. It creates very powerful communicative factors by planting in them the seeds of self confidence. It is the responsibility of a teacher to create a comfortable environment in the class. The teacher should make the environment student-centered because if a student feels valued in the class, he or she would be more interested in learning a second language. The population of this research consisted of 199 students at undergraduate level from University of Sargodha (UOS) Women Campus Faisalabad, Pakistan. For this purpose the researchers formed a questionnaire on the four point Likert's scale on the different levels of motivation and gave the students maximum time to solve the questionnaire. The results and findings of the research show that motivation has a great role in learning with regard to the above mentioned factors.

hat is the secret of long-term exceptional corporate performance? There have been many attempts to answer this question, but satisfying prescriptions remain elusive. Previous efforts typically succumb to one or both of two flaws. First, they fail to identify truly exceptional companies and end up studying ''lucky random walkers.'' Second, their advice is frequently vacuous when boiled down to statements such as ''get the right people on the bus,'' as if getting the wrong people on the bus was ever an objective. With this history in mind, our search for the keys to exceptionalism began with a radical premise: that what constitutes stand-out performance is not obvious. It is not enough simply to set up a performance benchmark, no matter how demanding it might seem, and see who clears it. Neither is it enough to put a sample or even a population of companies in rank order and focus on those at the top of the list. What we wanted were those companies that were good enough for long enough that we could be confident something special was going on.To that end, we adapted cutting-edge statistical techniques to the analysis of 45 years of Compustat data on over 25,000 unique companies -nearly 300,000 company-year observations from 1966 to 2010. From that universe we identified a population of 344 exceptional companies in two categories: 174 Miracle Workers, or the best of the best, and 170 Long Runners -still exceptional, but at a lower level and for a longer period of time.From this population of exceptional companies we selected a representative sample of trios, three companies from each of nine different industries. Each trio consists of a Miracle Worker, a Long Runner, and a third company of average performance that we call an Average Joe (see Exhibit 1). By comparing the very best with the very good, and both with the merely average, we hoped to be able to shed light on two different types of exceptionalism. First, what does it take to pull away from the pack; that is, how do Miracle Workers and Long Runners separate themselves from Average Joes? Second, how do Miracle Workers -the very best -pull away from Long Runners -the very good?

Textbook evaluation means development of textbook that is based on rigorous research. In Pakistan text books are designed on communicative language teaching which focuses on communication. Morley (1991) has asserted that listening has a critical role in communication and in language acquisition because the better the students understand, the better they will be able to speak. In our text books, listening practices (text and activities) are missing, and listening plays a secondary role as compared to speaking, as it is part of oral work that are dialogues and role play, neglecting that during conversation in English our students face hurdles in quick thinking and accurate predicting because of ignoring listening skill which help in learning sound, rhythm, intonation, pronunciation, vocabulary and grammatical details. The researchers' intention here is to put different views on importance of listening skill and to evaluate English Text Books prescribed in Punjab government school whether they contain listening material, corresponding activities and related audio video material in text books.

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