Background: Bleeding is common during pregnancy and it is quite normal during first trimester. As the first bleed indicates, implantation of fertilized egg in the lining of uterus. It is common complication of almost 16-25% of pregnancies. 20% of the women experience light or spotted bleeding. Half of these pregnancies survive while the rest lead towards miscarriage. The first trimester bleed can be because of different pathological conditions mainly: miscarriage, cervical bleeding, infection and ectopic pregnancy. Methodology: Women with bleeding or pain or both in pregnancy, without any conclusive analysis from December 2020 to December 2021 were presented to Gynecology ward, of DHQ Hospital, Timergara and Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Evaluation was done with history and physical examination counting ultrasonography, pelvic examination, an HCG level and cervical cultures. 60 gravid females with less than 20 weeks of gestational age that presented with substantial per vaginal bleeding were recruited into the study population. Patients were properly counseled and each patient was given informed oral consent before being recruited for the research. Information about these prenatal, obstetric, and puerperal patients was recorded in an organized obstetric data sheet. SPSS version 16.0 was used for analysis of data. The chi-square test was used to evaluate relationships among groups. Results: The mothers mean age in the study and group of control was 24.7 ± 3.2 years and 23.93 ± 3.3 years, correspondingly (P> 0.05). The study group has mean parity of 1.9 ± 1.3 and in the control group 2.1 ± 1.4 (P> 0.05). At the time of presentation; mean gestational age for bleeding in the study group was 12.3 ± 1.68 weeks and for control group, it was 12.4 ± 1.39 weeks (P> 0.05). The comparison in both groups was accomplished but no significant differences in relations of birth history, gestational age and age was noted. Conclusion: The study found that recurrent episodes of bleeding per vaginal in late gestation and bleeding per vaginal in early gestation were related with premature delivery, low birth weight and miscarriage. Keywords: Apgar scores, Abruptio placentae, placenta praevia, low birth weight.

Aim: Pregnancies in which eggs and sperm did not join correctly with a certain position and further growth does not occur, this will be known as Moral pregnancy. Methods: Moral pregnancy is considered as issue created in ovary of female where fertilization in a correct way does not occur and a times come when pregnancy ends and somehow, we called it as miscarriage. A study was held to check out the important highlights about moral pregnancies, its side effects and its outcomes. In this study, they measure the ratio of about 16,600 patients who was admitted. Here most of them was suffering with same symptoms in term of bleeding which determine that they have miscarriage. Results: About 93.2% patients was suffering with bleeding issues and severe pain. Different tests performed on them to know the exact reason of their issues. Either sperms were weak or egg of women was weak. Conclusion: Reason of occurrence of this type of fertilization. All of them was not coming for their regular checkup and was not taking proper treatment from gynecologists to solve their issues. Keywords: Moral pregnancy, sonography, high risk group, missed periods, bleeding.

Introduction: Worldwide most common malignancy in females is breast carcinoma and accounts for almost one-third of all women cancers. In developing countries of Asia like in Pakistan, breast carcinoma has the highest incidence. With an age-standardised incidence rate (ASR) of 51.7, and the rate of the new cases of breast cancer is on the rise similar to the Western population. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyse the stage wise presentation of breast carcinoma in patients aged <40 years verses age >40 years. Material and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Khyber teaching Hospital Peshawar from 2017 to 2020. The data was collected from 200 female patients who were suffering from breast cancer at different stages. The data was collected through a systematically prepared questionnaire after taking consent. Results: The data was collected from 200 female breast cancer patients. Out of which 68 patients were < 40 years and 132 patients were >40 years of age. Majority of patients 90 presented in 41—50 years, followed by 50 cases in 51—60 years and least cases observed in 21—30 years of age. Stage III was the commonest stage in younger patients followed by stage II while in older patients stage ii was common than stage iii. 82 patients presented in stage iii while 70 patients in stage ii. Least cases presented in stage i. 82 patients out of 200 patients presented with stage iii. Overall ductal carcinoma is the most common type of breast carcinoma. Left breast carcinoma is more than right breast carcinoma. Conclusion: It is concluded that breast cancer is more common in older age as compared to young age. In young patients stage iii is more common than stage ii while in old patient’s stage ii is more than stage iii, however overall stage iii has the highest frequency. Keywords: Breast, Cancer, TNM, Factors, Patients