Computer-Aided Assessments (CAAs) have been used increasingly at Brunel University for over 10 years to test students' mathematical abilities. Recently, we have focussed on providing very rich feedback to the students; given the work involved in designing and coding such feedback, it is important to study the impact of the interaction between students and feedback. To make feedback more focussed, examination scripts have been analysed to identify common student errors and misconceptions. These have then been used to code distracters in multiple-choice and responsive numerical input-type questions. Since random parameters are used in all questions developed, distracters have to be coded as algebraic or algorithmic mal-rules. This paper reports on the methodology used to identify students' errors and misconceptions and how the evidence collected was used to code the distracters. The paper also provides hard evidence that real learning has taken place while students have interacted with the CAAs. Statistical analyses of exam performance over eight years indicate that students are able to improve performance in subsequent formative and summative assessments provided that they have truly engaged with the CAA, especially by spending time studying the feedback provided.
This study explores the practice of Chinese leadership within a large Chinese State-Owned Enterprise (SOE). Seventy middle managers were asked to submit a handwritten Chineselanguage "leadership story", identifying a leader who they had experienced modeling "good leadership", the specific behavior(s) that this leader exhibited, and the situational context in which the behavior(s) had occurred. Participants were also asked to outline the cultural influences that, in their view, had influenced that behavior(s). Results show nine clusters of exemplary leadership behaviors: Caring, Respectful / Fair, Guiding / Mentoring, Professional and Technically Knowledgeable, Objectivity / Pragmatism, Leading by Example, Accountability, Visionary / Innovation, and Discipline. The study defines and summarizes these clusters and provides specific examples of leadership behavior consistent with each cluster.
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